Common specifications of LED fluorescent T8, T5, T4 lamp, lamp three companies with a group of usually T5 lamp, led street light with solar panel used long ago specifications T10, T12.
"T", on behalf of "Tube", said the tubular, T figures behind the tube diameter. T8 is to have 8 "T", a "T" is 1/8 inch.
One inch equals 25.4 mm. Then every "T" is 25.4 ÷ 8 = 3.175mm;
T12 tube diameter is (12/8) × 25.4 = 38.1 mm
T10 tube diameter is (10/8) × 25.4 = 31.8mm
T8 tube diameter is (8/8) × 25.4 = 25.4mm [T8 is just one-inch diameter tube] (Note: Unified width 39mm, height 52mm)
Commonly used fluorescent length and power: (20w length 620mm; 30w length 926mm; 40w length 1230mm)
T5 tube diameter is (5/8) × 25.4 = 16 mm (Note: Unified width of 23.5mm, height 39mm)
Commonly used fluorescent length and power: (8w long 310mm; 14w length 570mm; 21w length 870.5mm; 28w long 1170.5mm; 35w length 1475mm)
T4 tube diameter is (4/8) × 25.4 = 12.7 mm (Note: Unified width 21mm, height 32mm)
Commonly used fluorescent length and power: (8w long 341mm; 12w length 443mm; 16w length 487mm; 20w length 534mm;
22w length 734mm; 24w length 874mm; 26w length 1025mm; 28w length 1172mm)
T3.5 tube diameter is (3.5 / 8) × 25.4 = 11.1 mm
T2 tube diameter is (2/8) × 25.4 = 6.4 mm
led street lighting Manufacturer is manufactured in accordance with the ordinary fluorescent specifications, its specifications to the same big, you can not replace the premise bracket easily replaced ordinary fluorescent LED lamp to achieve green energy, help save the cost of replacement.
Tuesday, January 13, 2015
The best way to solve the heat in the LED bulbs
LED bulbs fever how to do? LED will produce heat, a lot of people will think that LED is a cold light source, it only refers to the LED light-emitting principle only.
LED bulbs heat causes:
The reason is because the led high bay light supplier
of the added heat energy into light, and not all, but a portion is converted into heat, the electro-optical conversion efficiency of about 20 to 30%. That is about 70% of the energy is turned into heat.
Specifically, LED junction temperature is due to two factors caused by:
Internal quantum efficiency is not high, that is, when the electrons and holes recombine and generate photons are not 100%, often referred to as the "leakage current" PN area leaving the carrier recombination rate decreases. Leakage current multiplied by voltage is this part of the power, which is converted into heat, but this part does not account for the main component, because the internal photon efficiency is close to 90%.
Internally generated photons emitted to the outside of the chip can not be fully converted to heat and the last, which is the main part, because the current which is called an external quantum efficiency of only about 30%, mostly converted to heat up.
As previously mentioned, although incandescent light efficiency is very low, only 151m / W or so, but it almost all the electrical energy into light energy and radiate out, because most of the radiation is infrared, so low light efficiency , but it eliminates the problem of heat dissipation.
LED bulb cooling solution:
Solve the heat LED bulbs, mainly from two aspects, before and after encapsulation package, can be understood as LED bulbs LED chip cooling and heat dissipation. LED chip select and process heat primarily with the substrate and circuit related article describes temporarily. This paper describes the heat LED bulbs, because any LED lamps are made, so the heat generated by the LED chip always end by the lamp housing scattered into the air. Lei Yu Adams Lighting think if heat is not good, because the heat capacity of the LED chip is small, a little bit of accumulation of heat will make the chip junction temperature is rapidly increasing, if prolonged high temperatures in the state, its life will soon shortened. However, these calories can really guide the chip to the outside air, to go through a lot of ways. Specifically, the heat generated by the LED chip from its metal heat block out, go through the solder to the aluminum plate PCB, and then only by thermal plastic to aluminum radiator. So heat LED lamps hotel project actually includes thermal conductivity and heat dissipation in two parts.
However, LED lamp shell heat and the use of premises in accordance with the power level, there will be different options. There are several main cooling methods:
Aluminum fin: This is the most common way of cooling, aluminum fins as part of the housing to increase the cooling area.
Thermal plastic case: a thermally conductive material at the time of filling plastic injection molding, plastic housing increases thermal conductivity, heat capacity.
Air cooling fluid mechanics: air hydrodynamics use light shell shape, creating a convection air, which is the lowest-cost way to enhance heat dissipation.
Fans inside the led high bay light price housing reinforced with long life and efficient fan cooling: low cost, good effect. But the trouble is that some fans want to change, does not apply to outdoor, this design is more rare.
Heat pipe cooling technology: the use of a heat pipe heat pipe technology, the heat from the LED chip lead into the housing fins. In large lamps, such as street lights, etc. This is a common design.
Surface radiation heat lamp shell surface treatment do radiation heat treatment: radiation heat smear is a simple paint, radiant heat can be taken away from the lights the way the shell surface.
LED bulbs heat causes:
The reason is because the led high bay light supplier
of the added heat energy into light, and not all, but a portion is converted into heat, the electro-optical conversion efficiency of about 20 to 30%. That is about 70% of the energy is turned into heat.
Specifically, LED junction temperature is due to two factors caused by:
Internal quantum efficiency is not high, that is, when the electrons and holes recombine and generate photons are not 100%, often referred to as the "leakage current" PN area leaving the carrier recombination rate decreases. Leakage current multiplied by voltage is this part of the power, which is converted into heat, but this part does not account for the main component, because the internal photon efficiency is close to 90%.
Internally generated photons emitted to the outside of the chip can not be fully converted to heat and the last, which is the main part, because the current which is called an external quantum efficiency of only about 30%, mostly converted to heat up.
As previously mentioned, although incandescent light efficiency is very low, only 151m / W or so, but it almost all the electrical energy into light energy and radiate out, because most of the radiation is infrared, so low light efficiency , but it eliminates the problem of heat dissipation.
LED bulb cooling solution:
Solve the heat LED bulbs, mainly from two aspects, before and after encapsulation package, can be understood as LED bulbs LED chip cooling and heat dissipation. LED chip select and process heat primarily with the substrate and circuit related article describes temporarily. This paper describes the heat LED bulbs, because any LED lamps are made, so the heat generated by the LED chip always end by the lamp housing scattered into the air. Lei Yu Adams Lighting think if heat is not good, because the heat capacity of the LED chip is small, a little bit of accumulation of heat will make the chip junction temperature is rapidly increasing, if prolonged high temperatures in the state, its life will soon shortened. However, these calories can really guide the chip to the outside air, to go through a lot of ways. Specifically, the heat generated by the LED chip from its metal heat block out, go through the solder to the aluminum plate PCB, and then only by thermal plastic to aluminum radiator. So heat LED lamps hotel project actually includes thermal conductivity and heat dissipation in two parts.
However, LED lamp shell heat and the use of premises in accordance with the power level, there will be different options. There are several main cooling methods:
Aluminum fin: This is the most common way of cooling, aluminum fins as part of the housing to increase the cooling area.
Thermal plastic case: a thermally conductive material at the time of filling plastic injection molding, plastic housing increases thermal conductivity, heat capacity.
Air cooling fluid mechanics: air hydrodynamics use light shell shape, creating a convection air, which is the lowest-cost way to enhance heat dissipation.
Fans inside the led high bay light price housing reinforced with long life and efficient fan cooling: low cost, good effect. But the trouble is that some fans want to change, does not apply to outdoor, this design is more rare.
Heat pipe cooling technology: the use of a heat pipe heat pipe technology, the heat from the LED chip lead into the housing fins. In large lamps, such as street lights, etc. This is a common design.
Surface radiation heat lamp shell surface treatment do radiation heat treatment: radiation heat smear is a simple paint, radiant heat can be taken away from the lights the way the shell surface.
Several proposals of raising the heat sink level of LED lamps
LED lighting reliability (life) depends largely on the level of heat, so the heat level to improve one of the key technologies. Mainly to resolve the excess heat generated by the chip through the heat sink, cooling the body spread out, this is a very complex technical problems.
Here we are described as:
LED lamp power, which need to be considered led high bay light for sale dissipation, power LED requires cooling. Power LED at 100mA operating current means more light-emitting diodes. Our line is marked with reference to the United States as defined ASSIST Union, according to the existing two kinds of typical LED forward voltage 2.1V and 3.3V, ie input power 210mw and 330mw power than LED are LED, the device needs to be considered hot casual problem, some people may have different views, but proved to improve the reliability of the power LED (life), we must consider the power LED thermal problems.
LED cooling heat-related parameters related to the main parameters have thermal resistance, junction temperature rise.
Refers to the effective temperature and the thermal resistance of the device provides an external reference point temperature difference divided by the steady state power dissipation in the device quotient. It is said that the most important device parameters degree heat. At present, the power LED thermal resistance of the heat better ≤10 ℃ / W, domestic coverage of the best thermal resistance ≤5 ℃ / W, thermal resistance up abroad ≤3 ℃ / W, such as the power to do this level ensures that the LED life .
Junction temperature refers to the temperature of the LED semiconductor junction device main heating section. It is a manifestation of the LED device under operating conditions, the ability to withstand temperature. Improve the heat resistance has formulated plans to target the United States SSL. Chip and phosphor or high heat resistance, has now reached the junction temperature at 150 ℃, the phosphor at 130 ℃, basically have little impact on the life of the device will not. Description chip phosphor higher heat resistance, the lower the heat dissipation requirements.
There are several different temperature rise, we are talking about here: shell - environmental temperature. It refers to the LED device package (LED lamps can be measured to the hottest) temperature and the environment (in the luminaire plane, away from the lamp at 0.5 meters) temperature difference. It is a direct measurement of the temperature value, and directly reflects the LED device peripheral cooling degree, practice has proved, at an ambient temperature of 30 ℃, if the measured LED bulb is 60 ℃, its temperature should be 30 ℃ in this case basically ensures that the lifetime value of LED devices, such as the temperature is too high to maintain the rate of the LED light source will be greatly decreased.
LED lamps heat new problem:
With the development of LED lighting products, there are two new technologies: First, in order to increase the flux of a single tube, inject greater current density, as mentioned below, so that the chip generates more heat, the need for cooling. Second, a new package structure, with the LED light source power is increased, a plurality of power LED chips need to set package together, such as COB structure, modular lamps, etc., will generate more heat, need for more effective heat dissipation structure and measures, which gave the heat raised new issues, otherwise it will greatly affect the performance and life of LED lamps.
At present, the total thermal efficiency of LED lamps is only 50%, there are a lot of power to become hot. Secondly, LED high current density and modular lighting, etc. will produce more concentrated heat, need a good heat dissipation.
In order to improve the heat level we offer the following suggestions:
1), from the LED chip, it should adopt a new structure, new technology, to improve the LED chip junction temperature of heat resistance, heat resistance, and other materials, making the lower heat dissipation requirements.
2) reduce the thermal resistance of the LED device, using the new package structure, new technology, the choice of thermal conductivity, heat resistance, good new material, including the bonding between the metal material, such as phosphor blend, making resistance ≤ 10 ℃ / W or less.
3) reduce the temperature, try using a good thermal conductivity thermal material, the design requires good ventilation channels, spread it out as soon as possible so that heat, warming the requirements should be less than 30 ℃. In addition, to improve the heat dissipation modular lighting level should be on the agenda.
4), the way a lot of heat, such as the use of heat pipes, and of course good, but the cost factor to be considered in the design issues should be considered cost-effective.
In addition, led street lighting Manufacturer in addition to improve lighting efficiency, light requirements, appearance outside, to improve the heat level, the use of materials with good thermal conductivity, there were reports that some nanomaterials coated radiator, its thermal performance increase of 30 %. In addition, there must be better mechanical properties and sealing, cooling the body but also dust, LED lamps require a small temperature rise should be 30 ℃.
Here we are described as:
LED lamp power, which need to be considered led high bay light for sale dissipation, power LED requires cooling. Power LED at 100mA operating current means more light-emitting diodes. Our line is marked with reference to the United States as defined ASSIST Union, according to the existing two kinds of typical LED forward voltage 2.1V and 3.3V, ie input power 210mw and 330mw power than LED are LED, the device needs to be considered hot casual problem, some people may have different views, but proved to improve the reliability of the power LED (life), we must consider the power LED thermal problems.
LED cooling heat-related parameters related to the main parameters have thermal resistance, junction temperature rise.
Refers to the effective temperature and the thermal resistance of the device provides an external reference point temperature difference divided by the steady state power dissipation in the device quotient. It is said that the most important device parameters degree heat. At present, the power LED thermal resistance of the heat better ≤10 ℃ / W, domestic coverage of the best thermal resistance ≤5 ℃ / W, thermal resistance up abroad ≤3 ℃ / W, such as the power to do this level ensures that the LED life .
Junction temperature refers to the temperature of the LED semiconductor junction device main heating section. It is a manifestation of the LED device under operating conditions, the ability to withstand temperature. Improve the heat resistance has formulated plans to target the United States SSL. Chip and phosphor or high heat resistance, has now reached the junction temperature at 150 ℃, the phosphor at 130 ℃, basically have little impact on the life of the device will not. Description chip phosphor higher heat resistance, the lower the heat dissipation requirements.
There are several different temperature rise, we are talking about here: shell - environmental temperature. It refers to the LED device package (LED lamps can be measured to the hottest) temperature and the environment (in the luminaire plane, away from the lamp at 0.5 meters) temperature difference. It is a direct measurement of the temperature value, and directly reflects the LED device peripheral cooling degree, practice has proved, at an ambient temperature of 30 ℃, if the measured LED bulb is 60 ℃, its temperature should be 30 ℃ in this case basically ensures that the lifetime value of LED devices, such as the temperature is too high to maintain the rate of the LED light source will be greatly decreased.
LED lamps heat new problem:
With the development of LED lighting products, there are two new technologies: First, in order to increase the flux of a single tube, inject greater current density, as mentioned below, so that the chip generates more heat, the need for cooling. Second, a new package structure, with the LED light source power is increased, a plurality of power LED chips need to set package together, such as COB structure, modular lamps, etc., will generate more heat, need for more effective heat dissipation structure and measures, which gave the heat raised new issues, otherwise it will greatly affect the performance and life of LED lamps.
At present, the total thermal efficiency of LED lamps is only 50%, there are a lot of power to become hot. Secondly, LED high current density and modular lighting, etc. will produce more concentrated heat, need a good heat dissipation.
In order to improve the heat level we offer the following suggestions:
1), from the LED chip, it should adopt a new structure, new technology, to improve the LED chip junction temperature of heat resistance, heat resistance, and other materials, making the lower heat dissipation requirements.
2) reduce the thermal resistance of the LED device, using the new package structure, new technology, the choice of thermal conductivity, heat resistance, good new material, including the bonding between the metal material, such as phosphor blend, making resistance ≤ 10 ℃ / W or less.
3) reduce the temperature, try using a good thermal conductivity thermal material, the design requires good ventilation channels, spread it out as soon as possible so that heat, warming the requirements should be less than 30 ℃. In addition, to improve the heat dissipation modular lighting level should be on the agenda.
4), the way a lot of heat, such as the use of heat pipes, and of course good, but the cost factor to be considered in the design issues should be considered cost-effective.
In addition, led street lighting Manufacturer in addition to improve lighting efficiency, light requirements, appearance outside, to improve the heat level, the use of materials with good thermal conductivity, there were reports that some nanomaterials coated radiator, its thermal performance increase of 30 %. In addition, there must be better mechanical properties and sealing, cooling the body but also dust, LED lamps require a small temperature rise should be 30 ℃.
Monday, January 12, 2015
Green App for Earth Day Saves Energy: Light Bulb Finder
Switching to energy-efficient light bulbs is one of the fastest and easiest ways to conserve energy and protect the environment this Earth Day. Developed by Eco Hatchery, the free led street lighting fixture Finder mobile app enables users to decide which energy-efficient bulbs are right for their own homes and budgets. The app shows how much energy can be saved by replacing one or multiple bulbs and what the total carbon footprint improvement will be.
Named "Best Overall App" by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in its Apps for the Environment Challenge, Light Bulb Finder is available as a free download on iPhone, iPad, iPod touch, and Android mobile devices.
Walking through the home or store aisle, app users get instant recommendations for energy-saving bulbs with the light quality and fit that mimics their traditional incandescent bulbs. For each recommendation, the app displays financial payback and environmental impact information, enabling users to make informed decisions. Bulbs can be purchased through the app or at local stores.
A typical household can save over $ 110 in annual energy bills by making the switch. That's money most homeowners would happily keep in the bank or spend on other things.
Changing just one more bulb, led street lights price spot or porch light, will have a positive impact. If every US household replaces one bulb, it would prevent 90 billion pounds of greenhouse gas emissions from power plants, the equivalent of taking 7.5 million cars off the road, according to the Union of Concerned Scientists.
Energy-efficient bulbs may cost more up-front, but the overall cost of buying and powering them is significantly less in the long run, plus they do not have to be changed as frequently. Compact Fluorescent Light Bulbs, or CFLs, last on average eight times longer than incandescent bulbs, and Light Emitting Diodes, LEDs, last 25 or more times longer.
Named "Best Overall App" by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in its Apps for the Environment Challenge, Light Bulb Finder is available as a free download on iPhone, iPad, iPod touch, and Android mobile devices.
Walking through the home or store aisle, app users get instant recommendations for energy-saving bulbs with the light quality and fit that mimics their traditional incandescent bulbs. For each recommendation, the app displays financial payback and environmental impact information, enabling users to make informed decisions. Bulbs can be purchased through the app or at local stores.
A typical household can save over $ 110 in annual energy bills by making the switch. That's money most homeowners would happily keep in the bank or spend on other things.
Changing just one more bulb, led street lights price spot or porch light, will have a positive impact. If every US household replaces one bulb, it would prevent 90 billion pounds of greenhouse gas emissions from power plants, the equivalent of taking 7.5 million cars off the road, according to the Union of Concerned Scientists.
Energy-efficient bulbs may cost more up-front, but the overall cost of buying and powering them is significantly less in the long run, plus they do not have to be changed as frequently. Compact Fluorescent Light Bulbs, or CFLs, last on average eight times longer than incandescent bulbs, and Light Emitting Diodes, LEDs, last 25 or more times longer.
Sunday, January 11, 2015
The factors of influencing LED lamps life and how to purchase shell
LED downlight life factors
1. LED downlight cooling system: the current high-power LED light source emits white light flux reached only 100lm / w or so, in theory, only the energy into visible light nearly 1/3 majority of energy into heat energy. If the heat treatment of the poor lighting, high chip PN junction temperature, LED downlight chips will soon be corrupted;
2. LED downlight drive power: the problem is easily overlooked, is usually much larger than life led street light with solar panel chip driving power of life, often not bright LED downlights, upon inspection found that the chip is not damaged, but the drive power supply fault current, very good drive power life has more than thirty thousand hours;
3. LED chip quality downlights, LED downlights chip is the core component of the light source, lattice defects affect chip quality, the quality of the packaging process and phosphor.
Type LED downlight fittings
Generally divided into three categories:
1. Shell Kit (includes a housing, aluminum plates, screws, lens (Ceiling spotlights will be used, etc.), etc.),
2. Power (choose a good quality of power supply to note that efficiency, PFC value, whether there had been certified, the shelf life years, etc.)
3. The light source (a good source is the first formal chip packaging factory technical strength (the same chip manufacturers to do out of each quality is not the same, which is mainly technical issues 9, the quality of the light source (light decay contain source deviation color temperature, life, etc.)
How to choose the downlights shell
General household selection led downlight only stylish and elegant, and high cost. Take the price for, led downlights in the store more expensive, because the profits led downlight great buy on Taobao will save these intermediate links if you need to, you can go and see. At the same time, you can purchase appropriate housing, install their own; downlight housings domestic product technology has been very mature, and what quality problems do not exist, may be just dealing with some of the details as foreign, but domestic use is certainly not a problem . For downlight housings say, how to buy and buy downlight housing is very important, is one of the more important points: heat, heat transfer flux; we do not only choose pretty nice and ignore this.
Comments are the beginning of the lights in the town, copying the style of imitation frantic, many manufacturers simply take a camera, to the town lights Fair or domestic and international lighting exhibition "click" a few beautiful photos of lighting, you can go back and photograph gourd painting scoop to produce exactly the same product. However, is that in this short decade, many manufacturers awareness of IPR protection has become more enhanced. The simplest is the most common in the Light Fair exhibitors manufacturers have explicitly prohibited to take pictures of the guests.
Plastic shell heat dissipation downlights
Plastic radiator recently also attracted attention. Function reasonably good thermal conductive plastic materials are usually conductive features good information, in turn conductive plastic dysfunction, its thermal features certainly is poor. This is bound to the. Thus significantly metal than plastic, good thermal conductivity. In reality, too. Well, is not it certainly can not be used to make plastic radiator it? Not so! Recently published research on a variety of conductive plastic internationally, mostly in their information and general engineering plastics for the substrate, such as PP, ABS, PC , PA, LCP, PPS, PEEK and the like. Some metal oxide powder is then filled, carbon, fiber or ceramic powder made in plastic. For example, the polystyrene (PPS) and large particles of magnesium oxide (40 to 325 mesh) fusion can be made of an insulating form of thermal plastic. The thermal conductivity of its model range is 1-20 W / mK, some grades can reach 100 W / mK. This value is roughly 5-100 times that of traditional plastics, plastic thermal conductivity generally only 0.2 W / mK.
COB downlight enclosure cooling requirements
1. aluminum material better, try to form a thermal cooling effect in one, to achieve high efficiency thermal conductivity and heat dissipation
2. Multi-designed vents, and radiator fins peripheral conduction, convection air to achieve the outside row of LED's heat, while achieving the heat through the heat sink in order to achieve efficient cooling.
3. radiator over the wire, he shall be designed sewing equipment, wire and difficult to pull off, meet safety requirements.
4. Radiator structure surface processing as smooth burr-free, safe and not hurt the hand.
5. The shape of the radiator to be beautiful, light weight.
Ordinary SMD package device is different, stand cob surface light source is non-standard type, designed to stand directly related to the products of heat and light effects, the COB device design, design stand directly affects the life of the product and technology indicators. COB traditional products, between the chip and the heat of the aluminum layer of thermal insulation adhesive, is not conducive to the chip to heat, light efficiency is not ideal, but COB surface light source products directly placed on the chip aluminum thermal structure design more reasonable time optical design more reasonable, higher optical efficiency.
Zhongshan Guzhen Lighting Factory is half dragon LED downlight, LED ceiling light, COB downlight, COB downlight housings and accessories professional production and processing factories, innovation and development as the core, to provide customers with professional LED interior lighting solutions program mission to market demand, according to the application characteristics of different markets, combined with LED lighting to their strengths, developed a variety of energy-saving LED lighting applications, and has replaced the traditional lamp lighting products become mainstream in the relevant fields.
Slim LED downlight housing okay?
In order to pursue a more perfect people developed an ultra-thin LED downlight housing, regardless of form or function are superior. Slim LED downlight housing is the application of new LED lighting the traditional lamp based on the improvement in the development of products, comparing with the traditional downlight housing has the following advantages: energy saving, low-carbon, longevity, color is good, fast response. Slim LED downlight design more beautiful light, can reach to maintain the overall architectural unity and perfect installation, does not destroy the lighting setup, light hidden architectural interior light source is not exposed, no glare, the human visual effects, soft, uniform.
Currently, in the town, led street lighting Manufacturer need to spend 10 dollars, you can upload a lighting design drawings via the Internet, by intellectual property rights center quickly cover a virtual "time stamp", with the "timestamp" appearance design patent protection will have a say. Guzhen Technology Office 黄志桐 said, "In the past the appearance of patent applications almost a year, but with quick rights center, 15 days to be able to register a patent, intellectual property business has been more effective protection. Financial support is not really the most important government departments to help the largest enterprises, is not good business to do. "So, town lighting companies rights awareness crescendo, copying the style gone, many manufacturers want to change to create fake, play own brand.
1. LED downlight cooling system: the current high-power LED light source emits white light flux reached only 100lm / w or so, in theory, only the energy into visible light nearly 1/3 majority of energy into heat energy. If the heat treatment of the poor lighting, high chip PN junction temperature, LED downlight chips will soon be corrupted;
2. LED downlight drive power: the problem is easily overlooked, is usually much larger than life led street light with solar panel chip driving power of life, often not bright LED downlights, upon inspection found that the chip is not damaged, but the drive power supply fault current, very good drive power life has more than thirty thousand hours;
3. LED chip quality downlights, LED downlights chip is the core component of the light source, lattice defects affect chip quality, the quality of the packaging process and phosphor.
Type LED downlight fittings
Generally divided into three categories:
1. Shell Kit (includes a housing, aluminum plates, screws, lens (Ceiling spotlights will be used, etc.), etc.),
2. Power (choose a good quality of power supply to note that efficiency, PFC value, whether there had been certified, the shelf life years, etc.)
3. The light source (a good source is the first formal chip packaging factory technical strength (the same chip manufacturers to do out of each quality is not the same, which is mainly technical issues 9, the quality of the light source (light decay contain source deviation color temperature, life, etc.)
How to choose the downlights shell
General household selection led downlight only stylish and elegant, and high cost. Take the price for, led downlights in the store more expensive, because the profits led downlight great buy on Taobao will save these intermediate links if you need to, you can go and see. At the same time, you can purchase appropriate housing, install their own; downlight housings domestic product technology has been very mature, and what quality problems do not exist, may be just dealing with some of the details as foreign, but domestic use is certainly not a problem . For downlight housings say, how to buy and buy downlight housing is very important, is one of the more important points: heat, heat transfer flux; we do not only choose pretty nice and ignore this.
Comments are the beginning of the lights in the town, copying the style of imitation frantic, many manufacturers simply take a camera, to the town lights Fair or domestic and international lighting exhibition "click" a few beautiful photos of lighting, you can go back and photograph gourd painting scoop to produce exactly the same product. However, is that in this short decade, many manufacturers awareness of IPR protection has become more enhanced. The simplest is the most common in the Light Fair exhibitors manufacturers have explicitly prohibited to take pictures of the guests.
Plastic shell heat dissipation downlights
Plastic radiator recently also attracted attention. Function reasonably good thermal conductive plastic materials are usually conductive features good information, in turn conductive plastic dysfunction, its thermal features certainly is poor. This is bound to the. Thus significantly metal than plastic, good thermal conductivity. In reality, too. Well, is not it certainly can not be used to make plastic radiator it? Not so! Recently published research on a variety of conductive plastic internationally, mostly in their information and general engineering plastics for the substrate, such as PP, ABS, PC , PA, LCP, PPS, PEEK and the like. Some metal oxide powder is then filled, carbon, fiber or ceramic powder made in plastic. For example, the polystyrene (PPS) and large particles of magnesium oxide (40 to 325 mesh) fusion can be made of an insulating form of thermal plastic. The thermal conductivity of its model range is 1-20 W / mK, some grades can reach 100 W / mK. This value is roughly 5-100 times that of traditional plastics, plastic thermal conductivity generally only 0.2 W / mK.
COB downlight enclosure cooling requirements
1. aluminum material better, try to form a thermal cooling effect in one, to achieve high efficiency thermal conductivity and heat dissipation
2. Multi-designed vents, and radiator fins peripheral conduction, convection air to achieve the outside row of LED's heat, while achieving the heat through the heat sink in order to achieve efficient cooling.
3. radiator over the wire, he shall be designed sewing equipment, wire and difficult to pull off, meet safety requirements.
4. Radiator structure surface processing as smooth burr-free, safe and not hurt the hand.
5. The shape of the radiator to be beautiful, light weight.
Ordinary SMD package device is different, stand cob surface light source is non-standard type, designed to stand directly related to the products of heat and light effects, the COB device design, design stand directly affects the life of the product and technology indicators. COB traditional products, between the chip and the heat of the aluminum layer of thermal insulation adhesive, is not conducive to the chip to heat, light efficiency is not ideal, but COB surface light source products directly placed on the chip aluminum thermal structure design more reasonable time optical design more reasonable, higher optical efficiency.
Zhongshan Guzhen Lighting Factory is half dragon LED downlight, LED ceiling light, COB downlight, COB downlight housings and accessories professional production and processing factories, innovation and development as the core, to provide customers with professional LED interior lighting solutions program mission to market demand, according to the application characteristics of different markets, combined with LED lighting to their strengths, developed a variety of energy-saving LED lighting applications, and has replaced the traditional lamp lighting products become mainstream in the relevant fields.
Slim LED downlight housing okay?
In order to pursue a more perfect people developed an ultra-thin LED downlight housing, regardless of form or function are superior. Slim LED downlight housing is the application of new LED lighting the traditional lamp based on the improvement in the development of products, comparing with the traditional downlight housing has the following advantages: energy saving, low-carbon, longevity, color is good, fast response. Slim LED downlight design more beautiful light, can reach to maintain the overall architectural unity and perfect installation, does not destroy the lighting setup, light hidden architectural interior light source is not exposed, no glare, the human visual effects, soft, uniform.
Currently, in the town, led street lighting Manufacturer need to spend 10 dollars, you can upload a lighting design drawings via the Internet, by intellectual property rights center quickly cover a virtual "time stamp", with the "timestamp" appearance design patent protection will have a say. Guzhen Technology Office 黄志桐 said, "In the past the appearance of patent applications almost a year, but with quick rights center, 15 days to be able to register a patent, intellectual property business has been more effective protection. Financial support is not really the most important government departments to help the largest enterprises, is not good business to do. "So, town lighting companies rights awareness crescendo, copying the style gone, many manufacturers want to change to create fake, play own brand.
6 home lighting problems that you need take more attention
PhD University of Texas Health Science Center endocrinologist Russell Reiter said, lighting a drug (Xiaobian Tucao: this analogy too hard, right, Ph.D.). Abuse lighting is a health hazard. Modern life has been inseparable from a wide range of led high bay light supplier, but surrounded by our lighting can also occur if the use of improper problems even adversely affect us. This is not an alarmist, modern home lighting and some issues that need our attention.
1, should pay attention to safety
Family life, safety should come first, which also requires us to purchase fixtures and accessories to choose a brand protection, product safety certification. There are security products, though the price is slightly higher, but the quality of clearance, is generally not a problem.
Here are some common certification mark, which China Compulsory Certification subject to compulsory certification, the most common.
Authenticate
2, try to choose a non-heavy metal fixtures
When selecting fixtures to try to choose a lamp free of heavy metals, such as mercury, cadmium, lead, heavy metals such is not easily degraded by microorganisms and has significant toxicity, a great impact on the environment, especially in energy-saving lamps contain mercury vapor, broken bulb can cause mercury vapor emissions, selection should be noted.
General specification of the products will eventually give indicators of heavy metals to tell consumers what the product contains heavy metals.
Energy-saving lamps
Figure: long like this these are energy-saving lamps, mercury, after the break after the end of life recycling is a big problem.
3, following the principle of proportionality
Home environment is the environment of our daily lives, so the lighting light should follow the principle of proportionality, indoor neither too bright nor too dark. The lighting is too bright for our eyes harmful; too dark indoor environments is prone to visual fatigue, while our emotions are likely to be affected.
Professor Randy Nelson Ohio State University, January 21 at the annual meeting of the American Neurological Section, said: Excessive exposure to light at night may lead to depression. In addition, light pollution can cause dizziness, irritability, depression, physical fatigue and other symptoms similar to neurasthenia.
4, natural lighting and artificial lighting combine
Home lighting should be combined with natural lighting and artificial lighting, can not all rely on lighting. Sunlight can kill harmful microbes in indoor air; can improve human immunity. Experts believe there are two hours a day of sunshine indoors is the minimum required to protect human health and development. Visible natural lighting is essential, home lighting should not stand in the sun outdoors.
5, choose energy-saving lamps
Average daily household lighting lighting time is not long, but the energy is still a need for attention indicators. Good performance of energy-saving lamps, although the initial investment in a large number, but in the future be able to benefit in the long run also in line with the requirements of environmental protection.
Now, because it is not saving incandescent lamp has become history, LED energy-saving because the ascendant, its fluorescent energy saving compared to incandescent lamps, as well as pushing the government and awarded the "energy-saving lamps" name known.
6, the light should be harmonized
Lighting should not be too diverse, so as not to endanger human health. If the contrast is too light colors, dazzling, not only bad for the eyes, but also interfere with the brain center of higher nervous function. Too much color, easy to produce light pollution, it is obvious example, in the disco light pollution is very serious, easy to eye discomfort. In addition, irrational light color also affect the visual development of children. A light color in the room is best not more than three kinds, it should harmonize between various colors.
Home lighting mainstream sources:
Finally, a brief introduction to the mainstream of home lighting: energy saving lamps, halogen lamps, LED lamps.
Energy-saving lamp life of up to 10,000 hours, the price is lower than LED lights, but the energy-saving lamps contain mercury vapor may cause mercury pollution, heavy use is not recommended in the home lighting.
Halogen is an incandescent lamp, and life in general between 3000-4000 hours, due to the relatively short life, light a lesser extent, this lamp is generally used in indoor and accent lighting.
Halogen spotlights
Figure: The spot on the wall is from the halogen spotlights, there is usually an angle (ie, spot size), please be selected according to frame size. This figure light color a little fake.
LED light-emitting diode that is, have a long life, high efficiency, energy saving lamps and many other advantages, the performance is superior to other lamps. With the gradual decline in prices, led high bay light for sale will be the best choice in the future of home lighting.
In short, the application of home lighting make scientific design and new technology together. Only by following these precautions, in order to use efficient and environmentally friendly home lighting, we create a healthy and comfortable life.
1, should pay attention to safety
Family life, safety should come first, which also requires us to purchase fixtures and accessories to choose a brand protection, product safety certification. There are security products, though the price is slightly higher, but the quality of clearance, is generally not a problem.
Here are some common certification mark, which China Compulsory Certification subject to compulsory certification, the most common.
Authenticate
2, try to choose a non-heavy metal fixtures
When selecting fixtures to try to choose a lamp free of heavy metals, such as mercury, cadmium, lead, heavy metals such is not easily degraded by microorganisms and has significant toxicity, a great impact on the environment, especially in energy-saving lamps contain mercury vapor, broken bulb can cause mercury vapor emissions, selection should be noted.
General specification of the products will eventually give indicators of heavy metals to tell consumers what the product contains heavy metals.
Energy-saving lamps
Figure: long like this these are energy-saving lamps, mercury, after the break after the end of life recycling is a big problem.
3, following the principle of proportionality
Home environment is the environment of our daily lives, so the lighting light should follow the principle of proportionality, indoor neither too bright nor too dark. The lighting is too bright for our eyes harmful; too dark indoor environments is prone to visual fatigue, while our emotions are likely to be affected.
Professor Randy Nelson Ohio State University, January 21 at the annual meeting of the American Neurological Section, said: Excessive exposure to light at night may lead to depression. In addition, light pollution can cause dizziness, irritability, depression, physical fatigue and other symptoms similar to neurasthenia.
4, natural lighting and artificial lighting combine
Home lighting should be combined with natural lighting and artificial lighting, can not all rely on lighting. Sunlight can kill harmful microbes in indoor air; can improve human immunity. Experts believe there are two hours a day of sunshine indoors is the minimum required to protect human health and development. Visible natural lighting is essential, home lighting should not stand in the sun outdoors.
5, choose energy-saving lamps
Average daily household lighting lighting time is not long, but the energy is still a need for attention indicators. Good performance of energy-saving lamps, although the initial investment in a large number, but in the future be able to benefit in the long run also in line with the requirements of environmental protection.
Now, because it is not saving incandescent lamp has become history, LED energy-saving because the ascendant, its fluorescent energy saving compared to incandescent lamps, as well as pushing the government and awarded the "energy-saving lamps" name known.
6, the light should be harmonized
Lighting should not be too diverse, so as not to endanger human health. If the contrast is too light colors, dazzling, not only bad for the eyes, but also interfere with the brain center of higher nervous function. Too much color, easy to produce light pollution, it is obvious example, in the disco light pollution is very serious, easy to eye discomfort. In addition, irrational light color also affect the visual development of children. A light color in the room is best not more than three kinds, it should harmonize between various colors.
Home lighting mainstream sources:
Finally, a brief introduction to the mainstream of home lighting: energy saving lamps, halogen lamps, LED lamps.
Energy-saving lamp life of up to 10,000 hours, the price is lower than LED lights, but the energy-saving lamps contain mercury vapor may cause mercury pollution, heavy use is not recommended in the home lighting.
Halogen is an incandescent lamp, and life in general between 3000-4000 hours, due to the relatively short life, light a lesser extent, this lamp is generally used in indoor and accent lighting.
Halogen spotlights
Figure: The spot on the wall is from the halogen spotlights, there is usually an angle (ie, spot size), please be selected according to frame size. This figure light color a little fake.
LED light-emitting diode that is, have a long life, high efficiency, energy saving lamps and many other advantages, the performance is superior to other lamps. With the gradual decline in prices, led high bay light for sale will be the best choice in the future of home lighting.
In short, the application of home lighting make scientific design and new technology together. Only by following these precautions, in order to use efficient and environmentally friendly home lighting, we create a healthy and comfortable life.
The profound influence of LED to lighting disciplines
Material basis of lighting is light, the human daily life nearly half the time in the sun, which is a natural source. But led street lights price humans need artificial light for illumination. After a long phase of artificial light from the burning wood, oil, gas and produce light, the 1879 Edison invented the incandescent electric light artificial light from entering the era, to achieve a qualitative leap. Existing electric light including incandescent, halogen, represented by thermal radiation source, and gas and fluorescent lamps, high pressure mercury lamp, high pressure sodium, metal halide light sources as the representative of the discharge. In LED solid-state lighting is represented in recent years, the rapid development of lighting technology disciplines.
Photometric lighting disciplines to develop and improve basic around 1760, scientists Lambert (Lambert) has made major contributions to this. This time, due to human has not yet entered the era of electric light, which photometry is leaving the imprint of that era, such as candle (candela). Colorimetry was initially established in the 1930s, after 70 years of perfect. Practice has proved that, photometry, colorimetry suitable for natural light, artificial light, thermal radiation, including lighting, gas discharge light source and other traditional sources of electricity.
In recent years, with advances in solid-state lighting technologies such as LED, LED has received a lot of humanity in the field of visual applications, including display and general lighting, but also a lot of non-application of human vision. If we illuminate subjects defined as "direct application of research source science and technology," the subject, then the visual and non-visual application source applications will be subject areas of study lighting, light vision applications can be called a vision lighting discipline (illumination science), or narrow lighting disciplines, while the lighting disciplines include visual and non-visual applications application called generalized (lighting science).
As a new light source, LED light source is different from the traditional principle. And thermal radiation source depend on the material high-temperature heat radiation, gas plasma gas discharge light source emitting different rely, LED by electrical injection, the electrons and holes injected from the opposite direction to a specific light-emitting area, i.e., the light-emitting layer, and the light-emitting layer composite light. This new LED light principle decision has the following characteristics:
1.1 Small
The LED may be very small, the current 0.5mm * 0.5mm is very easy to do. Due to small size, in three-dimensional space concept LED is expected to meet any demands. You can almost say, in three-dimensional space, LED is a basic element of this element can be used to piece together any shape luminous body. For example, if you need to use 6 LED to piece together a complete luminous body, then we can achieve a variety of possible shapes shown in Figure 1, this is only the plane, as well as three-dimensional three-dimensional case.
1LED can do little
LED small volume of a further advantage is that due to the small size LED, luminous dots smaller. It's almost understandable in optical design for a point source, while the second optical design point source is convenient, therefore, will determine the LED light distribution to fit almost any requirement. Figure 2 is a free-form surface plus LED optical lens to achieve special spot pattern.
2LED add free-form surface to achieve special optical lens flare pattern
1.2 narrow spectrum
In principle from the LED light, LED essentially monochromatic emission spectrum, but because of spectral broadening of a certain width, typically 20 nm ~ 30nm. And now has a band of various monochromatic LED, as shown in FIG.
3 narrow spectrum
Since the LED of monochromatic, therefore, in this space spectrum, using a plurality of LED can be composed of almost any desired spectral shape, and this combination is no loss of efficiency. In other words, LED in this one-dimensional spectrum, LED has the concept as an essential element to achieve the various needs of unlimited possibilities. Traffic lights, backlight RGB system is a typical application.
1.3LED switch short time
LED ns switching time is orders of magnitude. Therefore, this is equivalent to this space at the time, LED has the basic elements and the illumination of the function, that is, on the time scale, LED is arbitrary. This bio below includes humans, plants of light intervention, there will be a lot of applications.
The above analysis of the LED is small, pure spectrum, switching time is short features, which are different from the traditional LED light source, the most important feature, it is these advantages, creating a LED unlimited application possibilities and the possibility of future as a mainstream source. If these three LED unlimited flexibility painting into a three-dimensional space, as shown in Figure 4, then the reality of the vast majority of lighting applications should be able to find the appropriate place in this space.
4LED short switching time
However, unlimited application possibilities of this LED to be a reality for mainstream applications require multiple conditions, including higher compared with the existing light source efficiency, lower prices. Currently on the market has been very easy to buy light efficiency 120lm / W of LED, higher than most of the traditional light sources, LED lamps and some prices have been close to the level of traditional light fixtures. Meanwhile, with the advances in technology LED light efficiency still further improved, prices are rapidly declining. Therefore, LED light source into the mainstream already foreseen. Because LED high degree of flexibility, therefore, LED will have a profound impact on the light source illuminating the material basis for discipline.
LED lighting to expand the connotation of discipline
It should be said, the limitations of traditional light sources, lighting the traditional discipline is to study the visual lighting, because the main purpose of the light source is to help people clear seeing the world, although there are a small number of other uses, but compared to the vision applications, it is much smaller . Therefore, in practice, in fact it is the traditional lighting discipline discipline vision lighting, in which the colorimetric main theories are published by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) and finalized, therefore, CIE is an authority in this area of the world monopoly in the field say.
However, as mentioned earlier, LED determine the characteristics of it in addition to doing visual purposes, there are many applications are not visual purposes, namely non-visual applications. Now known mainly include agriculture,, medical. If the light used in these areas are known as generalized lighting disciplines, then the connotation that the lighting disciplines will greatly get extended.
2.1LED application in agriculture
LED applications in agriculture, including LED fill light for plants. Because sunlight rely on photosynthesis for plant growth, biological statistics show that the majority of green plants, which contain chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b. Chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b is selective absorption spectrum, as shown.
5LED application in agriculture
Figure 5 shows that contain chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b plants, which absorb green light is very small, green is most reflective, thus appears to be green. The main absorption peaks are 650nm and 440nm two peaks nearby, and chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b wash absorption peaks different but relatively close. Therefore, we can consider the growth of plants is absorbed mainly by these spectra for photosynthesis. Further studies showed that the absorption and photosynthesis of plants to different wavelengths of light are not the same. This from different plants have different colors (i.e., the reflected sunlight portion) can also be understood.
As the LED spectrum has great flexibility, so we can choose the right plants for different spectral irradiation plant, it is conceivable that such plants fill light than conventional light sources would have great efficiency advantages. In this LED applications, establishing different spectral efficiency curve plant photosynthesis is the basis of efficiency, this with the human eye see the function curve is a concept, but for different purposes only. Therefore, with the current Visual Sciences correspondence, whether the plant will produce photosynthesis science?
led street light wholesale in agriculture also includes many aspects, such as pesticides, antibacterial. Such as certain insects to certain spectrum, fungi inhibited, then this inhibition study as great significance. Another type of lighting will be born this research.
LED in the animal breeding is also great utility. Currently LED used to study animal breeding, including chicken, fish and so on. In these applications, light is used to give an animal to create a bright environment, this is similar to human light environment. However, different light environment whether different animals have different growth-promoting effect? If so, then the LED light unlimited flexibility in the manufacturing environment, and thus there may be a different species preferred illumination light environment. This will also be illuminated scientific study.
2.2LED application in medical care
LED applications in medical care, including light therapy and rehabilitation, health care and so on.
Phototherapy (light therapy) principle is: the ability of a specific wavelength of monochromatic light on the biological behavior of cells, while no significant injury. As has long been irradiated with laser light, however, due to its bulky, expensive, and only a small point of light emitted can not be irradiated with a large area of the wound, while in addition to expensive for the limited wavelength tunable laser laser has a value generally, and therefore can not achieve the irradiation light wavelength is preferably, and the laser is an energy inefficient light source, such that these problems in the medical laser applications is limited.
Compared with the laser, LED light source is small, relatively cheap, and has a variety of spectrum, which can be arranged with multiple LED arrays used in large-area wounds irradiation characteristics, through the choice of a different wavelength LED light therapy can be achieved preferably the wavelength, plus LED light efficiency, so that the LED on the light therapy has great potential. LED applications in medical care and rehabilitation is also based on the same reasoning.
In the above medical applications of these LED, there is a LED illumination same preferred problem, that is, for a particular treatment, what type most suitable spectrum? What kind of strength, such as how the exposure mode steady pulse mode or the most appropriate way? How best irradiation cycle? These are all worthy of scientific research are broad subject areas lighting.
LED applications in medical and agriculture on a little different. Application in agriculture, light may be selectively for one or more objects. As far as the effect of a positive, or a positive effect plus one or a few negative effects, such as inhibition of the growth of certain plants. However, in medical applications, due to the human body with a variety of organizations, then LED lighting not only to consider promoting growth of certain tissues, but also consider the damaging effects of a variety of other organizations. Therefore, LED-disciplinary research in medicine and more complex. If this is included in the lighting disciplines, then this part of the lighting disciplines will be a long research process, will produce a series of illuminating subjects branch.
With the development of LED technology, in addition to the above, LED will be in many areas of the birth of a variety of applications. Studies of these applications will also greatly enrich the connotation of lighting research disciplines.
It is worth mentioning that, LED and communications technology combine to produce an LED visible light communication technology, and there is a great prospect. With the development of electronic technology, wireless communication technology has become the main communication. However, wireless communication is the need to allocate channels, and thus the channel will become increasingly nervous. The use of LED fast switching characteristics, when the switching frequency is higher than the human eye blink frequency identification, can be realized by fast switching LED transmission signal, a visible light communication technology is the LED. With the development of LED technology, as the mainstream light source for general lighting around the corner, so the load on the LED lighting LED communication would be a cheap and reliable means of communication at the same time secure. However, the need of special note, in the communication LED, LED is just a carrier. Thus, although the future of which is associated with the lighting of a cross-disciplinary, however, strictly speaking, this does not belong to a part of the lighting disciplines, but rather part of the communication disciplines.
LED lighting subject to change focus
Lighting disciplines is photometry, colorimetry for discipline based. Which photometric Lambert (Lambert) was founded in 1760 by scientists, and colorimetry experienced relatively lengthy process of improvement, from CIE1931, CIE1964, CIE1976 repeatedly CIE chromaticity correction system, while the color of the evaluation index had experienced the same long process until 1974 was basically finalized. However, after nearly four decades since, lighting discipline itself is not much progress. This is mainly because, as the material basis of illumination, including thermal radiation source, a gas-discharge light source, because of its light-emitting principle basically established, and there are no major changes in the basic form of the spectrum, and thus to photometry, colorimetry based lighting disciplines can basically meet the needs of the practice of using these sources of illumination. However, this time, the light source technology is always in progress, despite this progress is slow. The main highlight of the light source is to improve the efficiency, life, color and so on. Specific research is to find a new light-emitting substance or a new excitation light source. Compact fluorescent lamps are very important inventions during this time, which in the 1980s, during the past decade, research studies since then makes it light efficiency, especially in the life of color to get a lot of progress, so that by far the CFL the main sources of indoor lighting. Began in the 1960s HID light source, until the early 2000s has been a hot research sources, and get a lot of progress in the lamp light effect, color, and other aspects of life. Research in this area is also the birth of another important international conferences and organizations in the field of lighting, namely LS: XX Conference and FAST-LS, and LS meeting as the most important international conferences in the field of lighting in addition to CIE.
Therefore, nearly 40 years, has been the focus of the lighting disciplines as the material basis of illumination light source, rather than the lighting itself. However, LED's appearance will change this situation.
In recent years, the United States, Japan, Europe, South Korea and China, including China, Taiwan and other regions, have invested in the government's support for LED research, and LED technology to get a lot of progress, including LED light effect, from ten years ago 10lm / W or so to the current commercial products 130lm / W, while the laboratory sample has reached 300lm / W or more, and the price dropped to an acceptable degree of market fundamentals. At the same time due to the longevity of LED devices, and so has been greatly improved reliability, thus LED in scale space, unlimited flexibility in spectrum space and time and space are increasingly shown its advantages. Currently LED signal display and other areas also include a backlight display applications, has become a mainstream source. In the visual field of lighting, including lighting indoor, outdoor, etc., LED has gained more and more market share, and these could have been the main application areas of traditional light sources. And the field of agriculture, health, communications and other front analysis in recent years, the rapid growth. These are due to the infinite flexibility of the three LED scale space, time and space, due to spectral space. However, because these three unlimited flexibility, LED in all of these applications, in most cases there will be an optimal solution of the problem. And this problem is to conduct research on academic need. Thus, with LED visual and non-visual field applications continue to expand the depth and breadth, has also given a lot of development opportunities lighting disciplines, these are lighting the discipline itself, rather than the material basis of lighting - light.
When the above discussion LED limitless future prospects, are based on three LED unlimited flexibility. However, the current development of LED and LED not fully achieve this flexibility, especially LED spectrum unlimited flexibility. LED current spectral half width of 20 ~ 30nm, and the LED by varying the doping material can achieve most of the visible spectral range. Each center is currently achievable wavelength photoelectric efficiency LED is different, in particular a very low efficiency of the green LED.
6LED unlimited future prospects
Figure 6 is the year 2007 Krames and other external quantum efficiency of map drawing, although in recent years, LED efficiency has been greatly improved, but the efficiency of the green part of the LED remains low, the current commercial products are still below 20%. Therefore, the present LED device to realize a monochromatic LED spectrum unlimited flexibility, i.e., by assembling a plurality of single-color LED to achieve a variety of spectra, and if it contains a green LED, the assembly will lower the spectral efficiency, in order to As for the practical significance will be greatly reduced. Thus, a green LED to improve photoelectric efficiency will be achieved by LED true spectrum unlimited flexibility necessary condition. Before the green LED efficiency has not yet been greatly improved, research to improve the photovoltaic efficiency green LED accent lighting will be a research subject.
Photometric lighting disciplines to develop and improve basic around 1760, scientists Lambert (Lambert) has made major contributions to this. This time, due to human has not yet entered the era of electric light, which photometry is leaving the imprint of that era, such as candle (candela). Colorimetry was initially established in the 1930s, after 70 years of perfect. Practice has proved that, photometry, colorimetry suitable for natural light, artificial light, thermal radiation, including lighting, gas discharge light source and other traditional sources of electricity.
In recent years, with advances in solid-state lighting technologies such as LED, LED has received a lot of humanity in the field of visual applications, including display and general lighting, but also a lot of non-application of human vision. If we illuminate subjects defined as "direct application of research source science and technology," the subject, then the visual and non-visual application source applications will be subject areas of study lighting, light vision applications can be called a vision lighting discipline (illumination science), or narrow lighting disciplines, while the lighting disciplines include visual and non-visual applications application called generalized (lighting science).
As a new light source, LED light source is different from the traditional principle. And thermal radiation source depend on the material high-temperature heat radiation, gas plasma gas discharge light source emitting different rely, LED by electrical injection, the electrons and holes injected from the opposite direction to a specific light-emitting area, i.e., the light-emitting layer, and the light-emitting layer composite light. This new LED light principle decision has the following characteristics:
1.1 Small
The LED may be very small, the current 0.5mm * 0.5mm is very easy to do. Due to small size, in three-dimensional space concept LED is expected to meet any demands. You can almost say, in three-dimensional space, LED is a basic element of this element can be used to piece together any shape luminous body. For example, if you need to use 6 LED to piece together a complete luminous body, then we can achieve a variety of possible shapes shown in Figure 1, this is only the plane, as well as three-dimensional three-dimensional case.
1LED can do little
LED small volume of a further advantage is that due to the small size LED, luminous dots smaller. It's almost understandable in optical design for a point source, while the second optical design point source is convenient, therefore, will determine the LED light distribution to fit almost any requirement. Figure 2 is a free-form surface plus LED optical lens to achieve special spot pattern.
2LED add free-form surface to achieve special optical lens flare pattern
1.2 narrow spectrum
In principle from the LED light, LED essentially monochromatic emission spectrum, but because of spectral broadening of a certain width, typically 20 nm ~ 30nm. And now has a band of various monochromatic LED, as shown in FIG.
3 narrow spectrum
Since the LED of monochromatic, therefore, in this space spectrum, using a plurality of LED can be composed of almost any desired spectral shape, and this combination is no loss of efficiency. In other words, LED in this one-dimensional spectrum, LED has the concept as an essential element to achieve the various needs of unlimited possibilities. Traffic lights, backlight RGB system is a typical application.
1.3LED switch short time
LED ns switching time is orders of magnitude. Therefore, this is equivalent to this space at the time, LED has the basic elements and the illumination of the function, that is, on the time scale, LED is arbitrary. This bio below includes humans, plants of light intervention, there will be a lot of applications.
The above analysis of the LED is small, pure spectrum, switching time is short features, which are different from the traditional LED light source, the most important feature, it is these advantages, creating a LED unlimited application possibilities and the possibility of future as a mainstream source. If these three LED unlimited flexibility painting into a three-dimensional space, as shown in Figure 4, then the reality of the vast majority of lighting applications should be able to find the appropriate place in this space.
4LED short switching time
However, unlimited application possibilities of this LED to be a reality for mainstream applications require multiple conditions, including higher compared with the existing light source efficiency, lower prices. Currently on the market has been very easy to buy light efficiency 120lm / W of LED, higher than most of the traditional light sources, LED lamps and some prices have been close to the level of traditional light fixtures. Meanwhile, with the advances in technology LED light efficiency still further improved, prices are rapidly declining. Therefore, LED light source into the mainstream already foreseen. Because LED high degree of flexibility, therefore, LED will have a profound impact on the light source illuminating the material basis for discipline.
LED lighting to expand the connotation of discipline
It should be said, the limitations of traditional light sources, lighting the traditional discipline is to study the visual lighting, because the main purpose of the light source is to help people clear seeing the world, although there are a small number of other uses, but compared to the vision applications, it is much smaller . Therefore, in practice, in fact it is the traditional lighting discipline discipline vision lighting, in which the colorimetric main theories are published by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) and finalized, therefore, CIE is an authority in this area of the world monopoly in the field say.
However, as mentioned earlier, LED determine the characteristics of it in addition to doing visual purposes, there are many applications are not visual purposes, namely non-visual applications. Now known mainly include agriculture,, medical. If the light used in these areas are known as generalized lighting disciplines, then the connotation that the lighting disciplines will greatly get extended.
2.1LED application in agriculture
LED applications in agriculture, including LED fill light for plants. Because sunlight rely on photosynthesis for plant growth, biological statistics show that the majority of green plants, which contain chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b. Chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b is selective absorption spectrum, as shown.
5LED application in agriculture
Figure 5 shows that contain chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b plants, which absorb green light is very small, green is most reflective, thus appears to be green. The main absorption peaks are 650nm and 440nm two peaks nearby, and chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b wash absorption peaks different but relatively close. Therefore, we can consider the growth of plants is absorbed mainly by these spectra for photosynthesis. Further studies showed that the absorption and photosynthesis of plants to different wavelengths of light are not the same. This from different plants have different colors (i.e., the reflected sunlight portion) can also be understood.
As the LED spectrum has great flexibility, so we can choose the right plants for different spectral irradiation plant, it is conceivable that such plants fill light than conventional light sources would have great efficiency advantages. In this LED applications, establishing different spectral efficiency curve plant photosynthesis is the basis of efficiency, this with the human eye see the function curve is a concept, but for different purposes only. Therefore, with the current Visual Sciences correspondence, whether the plant will produce photosynthesis science?
led street light wholesale in agriculture also includes many aspects, such as pesticides, antibacterial. Such as certain insects to certain spectrum, fungi inhibited, then this inhibition study as great significance. Another type of lighting will be born this research.
LED in the animal breeding is also great utility. Currently LED used to study animal breeding, including chicken, fish and so on. In these applications, light is used to give an animal to create a bright environment, this is similar to human light environment. However, different light environment whether different animals have different growth-promoting effect? If so, then the LED light unlimited flexibility in the manufacturing environment, and thus there may be a different species preferred illumination light environment. This will also be illuminated scientific study.
2.2LED application in medical care
LED applications in medical care, including light therapy and rehabilitation, health care and so on.
Phototherapy (light therapy) principle is: the ability of a specific wavelength of monochromatic light on the biological behavior of cells, while no significant injury. As has long been irradiated with laser light, however, due to its bulky, expensive, and only a small point of light emitted can not be irradiated with a large area of the wound, while in addition to expensive for the limited wavelength tunable laser laser has a value generally, and therefore can not achieve the irradiation light wavelength is preferably, and the laser is an energy inefficient light source, such that these problems in the medical laser applications is limited.
Compared with the laser, LED light source is small, relatively cheap, and has a variety of spectrum, which can be arranged with multiple LED arrays used in large-area wounds irradiation characteristics, through the choice of a different wavelength LED light therapy can be achieved preferably the wavelength, plus LED light efficiency, so that the LED on the light therapy has great potential. LED applications in medical care and rehabilitation is also based on the same reasoning.
In the above medical applications of these LED, there is a LED illumination same preferred problem, that is, for a particular treatment, what type most suitable spectrum? What kind of strength, such as how the exposure mode steady pulse mode or the most appropriate way? How best irradiation cycle? These are all worthy of scientific research are broad subject areas lighting.
LED applications in medical and agriculture on a little different. Application in agriculture, light may be selectively for one or more objects. As far as the effect of a positive, or a positive effect plus one or a few negative effects, such as inhibition of the growth of certain plants. However, in medical applications, due to the human body with a variety of organizations, then LED lighting not only to consider promoting growth of certain tissues, but also consider the damaging effects of a variety of other organizations. Therefore, LED-disciplinary research in medicine and more complex. If this is included in the lighting disciplines, then this part of the lighting disciplines will be a long research process, will produce a series of illuminating subjects branch.
With the development of LED technology, in addition to the above, LED will be in many areas of the birth of a variety of applications. Studies of these applications will also greatly enrich the connotation of lighting research disciplines.
It is worth mentioning that, LED and communications technology combine to produce an LED visible light communication technology, and there is a great prospect. With the development of electronic technology, wireless communication technology has become the main communication. However, wireless communication is the need to allocate channels, and thus the channel will become increasingly nervous. The use of LED fast switching characteristics, when the switching frequency is higher than the human eye blink frequency identification, can be realized by fast switching LED transmission signal, a visible light communication technology is the LED. With the development of LED technology, as the mainstream light source for general lighting around the corner, so the load on the LED lighting LED communication would be a cheap and reliable means of communication at the same time secure. However, the need of special note, in the communication LED, LED is just a carrier. Thus, although the future of which is associated with the lighting of a cross-disciplinary, however, strictly speaking, this does not belong to a part of the lighting disciplines, but rather part of the communication disciplines.
LED lighting subject to change focus
Lighting disciplines is photometry, colorimetry for discipline based. Which photometric Lambert (Lambert) was founded in 1760 by scientists, and colorimetry experienced relatively lengthy process of improvement, from CIE1931, CIE1964, CIE1976 repeatedly CIE chromaticity correction system, while the color of the evaluation index had experienced the same long process until 1974 was basically finalized. However, after nearly four decades since, lighting discipline itself is not much progress. This is mainly because, as the material basis of illumination, including thermal radiation source, a gas-discharge light source, because of its light-emitting principle basically established, and there are no major changes in the basic form of the spectrum, and thus to photometry, colorimetry based lighting disciplines can basically meet the needs of the practice of using these sources of illumination. However, this time, the light source technology is always in progress, despite this progress is slow. The main highlight of the light source is to improve the efficiency, life, color and so on. Specific research is to find a new light-emitting substance or a new excitation light source. Compact fluorescent lamps are very important inventions during this time, which in the 1980s, during the past decade, research studies since then makes it light efficiency, especially in the life of color to get a lot of progress, so that by far the CFL the main sources of indoor lighting. Began in the 1960s HID light source, until the early 2000s has been a hot research sources, and get a lot of progress in the lamp light effect, color, and other aspects of life. Research in this area is also the birth of another important international conferences and organizations in the field of lighting, namely LS: XX Conference and FAST-LS, and LS meeting as the most important international conferences in the field of lighting in addition to CIE.
Therefore, nearly 40 years, has been the focus of the lighting disciplines as the material basis of illumination light source, rather than the lighting itself. However, LED's appearance will change this situation.
In recent years, the United States, Japan, Europe, South Korea and China, including China, Taiwan and other regions, have invested in the government's support for LED research, and LED technology to get a lot of progress, including LED light effect, from ten years ago 10lm / W or so to the current commercial products 130lm / W, while the laboratory sample has reached 300lm / W or more, and the price dropped to an acceptable degree of market fundamentals. At the same time due to the longevity of LED devices, and so has been greatly improved reliability, thus LED in scale space, unlimited flexibility in spectrum space and time and space are increasingly shown its advantages. Currently LED signal display and other areas also include a backlight display applications, has become a mainstream source. In the visual field of lighting, including lighting indoor, outdoor, etc., LED has gained more and more market share, and these could have been the main application areas of traditional light sources. And the field of agriculture, health, communications and other front analysis in recent years, the rapid growth. These are due to the infinite flexibility of the three LED scale space, time and space, due to spectral space. However, because these three unlimited flexibility, LED in all of these applications, in most cases there will be an optimal solution of the problem. And this problem is to conduct research on academic need. Thus, with LED visual and non-visual field applications continue to expand the depth and breadth, has also given a lot of development opportunities lighting disciplines, these are lighting the discipline itself, rather than the material basis of lighting - light.
When the above discussion LED limitless future prospects, are based on three LED unlimited flexibility. However, the current development of LED and LED not fully achieve this flexibility, especially LED spectrum unlimited flexibility. LED current spectral half width of 20 ~ 30nm, and the LED by varying the doping material can achieve most of the visible spectral range. Each center is currently achievable wavelength photoelectric efficiency LED is different, in particular a very low efficiency of the green LED.
6LED unlimited future prospects
Figure 6 is the year 2007 Krames and other external quantum efficiency of map drawing, although in recent years, LED efficiency has been greatly improved, but the efficiency of the green part of the LED remains low, the current commercial products are still below 20%. Therefore, the present LED device to realize a monochromatic LED spectrum unlimited flexibility, i.e., by assembling a plurality of single-color LED to achieve a variety of spectra, and if it contains a green LED, the assembly will lower the spectral efficiency, in order to As for the practical significance will be greatly reduced. Thus, a green LED to improve photoelectric efficiency will be achieved by LED true spectrum unlimited flexibility necessary condition. Before the green LED efficiency has not yet been greatly improved, research to improve the photovoltaic efficiency green LED accent lighting will be a research subject.
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