Recently, the Science and Technology Minister Wan Gang rebuked research funding "vicious problem." Carding national ministries for nearly three years, the provinces annual audit report found that research funding was "greedy", "swallow", "move", "cheat" uncommon, "black hole" amazing. Total ranks third in the world, over one trillion yuan of annual R & D investment, but did not return with the corresponding effects of technological innovation. The crux of research in which corruption? "Black Hole" And how to block?
According to the China Association survey estimates, buy led high bay lamps funding amounts may reach several hundred billion loss. Vulnerability management research funding led the technology sector to become rent-seeking, corruption, high incidence. Where research funding large payment of wages, benefits, build affordable housing, buying a car, small filling meal card, Jiaodianhuafei even repeat ticket reimbursement, in some exposed and dealt with corruption cases scientific research funding almost "no can not. "
Shandong, a new building materials company official Zhang Yuan (a pseudonym) to apply research funding, "keep on fighting" lessons learned in terms of saying, do not give managers "rebate", the thing is do not do. Which, as a result of our research universities and research institutions, mainly from government departments and social cooperation, national projects for services, catering, conferences and other expenses will be dominated by a certain amount limit, but essentially social cooperation projects one by Project Leader decided, in addition to the provision of about 30% of labor costs may be reimbursed for a few documents also unlimited, resulting in research funding has become a disguised income subsidy is "open secret."
According to a university in Guangzhou, a subordinate returning from abroad Professor Ren Jiaodi situation is concerned, the annual salary of nearly one million yuan in foreign countries, and returned to Guangzhou after wage income, but more than 10 million. "The reason to return, one title to improve, and the second is wage income, although reduced, but there is research funding for the subsidy, the actual income is not low."
Vice president of 21st Century Education Research XiongBingJi that issue has not opened, some of the money into the pockets of some of the officers had. "To some extent, some of the research funds have been alienated red researchers." XiongBingJi said.
Zhang Yuan and show examples of a professor, research funding to apply some localities and departments has become a "black hole", outsiders do not know how deep the water. These are calling the arrival of a field of research funding reform.
For research in the field of chaos, the relevant departments in recent years, spent a lot of energy management, but current research is still shocking corruption, why not? Science and Technology Minister Wan Gang in the phrase: "Technology and management personnel are in the same boat."
Researchers and administrative staff form a "community of interests", or even "both judge and when the athlete" Guaixiang, making research funding lost due to purity, some researchers will be used in the research effort beyond . Two even said "anger" This is why last week's Science and Technology Minister Wan Gang mentioned research funding "vicious problem" in the State Council Information Office press conference, and said that "distressed" and "stunned."
History of Henan University of Finance and Economics Professor Pu told reporters: "To the project, there should be relations, and even some master research funding agencies to find people to the project, Li finished items to be divided again, this is not uncommon."
Zhejiang Provincial Audit Department in 2012 in the annual audit report also pointed out that some leading universities and research managers both management supervisor, but also research takers, which is one of university research funds mainly due to poor management and illegal relatively project funding is usually much greater academic leaders.
Research funding for management and oversight, is not out of nowhere, but research closed operation, it is difficult to form an effective regulatory system constraints. Social at above 985 colleges say, since it has been dialed down research funds, the financial staff is generally believed that the money belongs to the study director, financial reimbursement procedures but take one off games.
National Bureau of Statistics latest figures show that in 2012, funding for research and experimental development of the whole society reached a total of 1.02984 trillion yuan of investment, the total ranks third in the world.
Many researchers reflect, under the current system, Chinese universities and research institutions to the number of issues as the promotion of scientific research personnel, an important indicator of assessment, the results of some of the issues, "water", "re-approval, light research," "heavy investment in light of performance" has become outstanding issues, which indicates that China's scientific research system there have been various distortions during operation, research and development investments and screamed loud and technological achievements are not proportional.
History of Pu said that many researchers devote himself to the project, there is little effort to do research, to use the results of research funding to the packaging, and then to apply the results of the package of new issues, research funding in this "complex issue task" the cycle is wasted.
According to statistics in recent years, research and experimental development of China (R & D) expenditures annual growth rate of more than one hundred billion yuan, in 2012 it is more than 1 trillion yuan. However, according to the China Association survey estimates, China's scientific research funds for only about 40% of the project itself, the loss of a large number of research funding from the project. Based on the total amount of about 1 trillion yuan to estimate the amount of scientific research funding of non-use may reach several hundred billion dollars annually.
This data and the vice mayor of Guangzhou, Wang disclosed roughly. He end of July at a news conference that the information they have seen a show, the country's research funding for approximately 40% of the real R & D, sixty five percent for a meeting on a business trip. That time, the led high bay light for sale for Discipline Inspection announced the Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Department Director Li Xinghua suspicion of serious discipline, organization undergoing investigation. This exposes the chaos from government subsidies LED industry to some extent.
These stories and more exposure cases audit report shows that some researchers and managers improper use of research funding has become a "custom" in some places and universities have formed a chain of interest: Experts and scholars fighting for issues "must fund" project group members assuming a "flower funds" managers abuse of power "appropriations."
Bing said the industry spread a message of a Secretary for the Pearl River Delta region, in a project funded enterprises to apply before the commission charged $ 200,000 in funding for two million yuan after the application is successful, again a big opening to obtain half of the costs to businesses . The results angered the companies, things finally exposed, the Secretary was "double."
The main reason is due to the prevailing research funds reporting model is: the government on the recommendation of the Expert Committee to develop a research project fixed reporting guidelines, the fund researchers then declare for reporting guidelines. The declaration should reflect the spirit of science, scientific research fund laws, government departments became "thesis writing." In this process, from project approval, the funds allocated to the results of identification, they are inseparable from the "rule of man" in the shadow, eventually leading research fund allocation could be power, human derivatives.
Curry favor with the government even to improve R & D
According to a company official that, LED barriers to entry are so low that he now do not know what is LED. "I just know, I just do the lights just like doing other lights as well." He said, and PV, as do the socks from other industries, including the production of bicycles are entering the industry. "Money too fast," as they are a medium-sized firms in Zhongshan, a year's turnover is 10 billion.
The official said that as the process of applying for government funds to support more complex, the company has no application. "Application of the condition, first look at the production capacity, our production capacity is not big enough." He says, "but in spite of the large production again, if there is no perfect government relations is difficult to do, you know, especially for ours private enterprises concerned. "
Some industry insiders told reporters that if the government carried out blindly for LED support and subsidies, will lead the industry to step PV footsteps. "PV just some people in the use of new energy concepts to defraud the government subsidies." Chinese PV companies a house employee said the reporter.
Insiders even predicted that 2013 may be a fifth of China LED lighting business failures. Many industry insiders said to the reporter, and PV, the government of the LED overly generous financial support, the consequences are often, causing a lot of excess capacity in the case of serious excess capacity, is bound to have a vicious competition between industries , which ultimately hindered technological innovation.
"China's LED core technology is mainly abroad." The main person responsible for the above Zhongshan LED business, said, "For us, the key is not technological innovation, but how to do big production, the bigger the better."
Local payment modes have been aware of research funding reforms. Wang on the conference, Guangzhou has started studying how to deliver the financial funding problems. He said he was also thinking about is the money scattered to every business to go, or put more into technology and services platform Shang Hao.
"Science and technology funds usage patterns, we can not simply project on the line." October 12, at the First China Technology and Finance to promote the Forum, the Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Department Deputy Director Ye Jing chart so that the Guangdong Province in recent reflection in technology management in the past practice, the future will be both science and technology funding to adjust usage patterns.
Guangdong CPPCC members suggested that China's research funding model reform can learn from some developed countries, such as Germany, by an association to co-ordinate all research institutes, and management of all research grant funding. No artificial administrative role, a former president of the Association of scientific research, to know where the money should be spent. Rather than, as now, research funding layers of review issued by the Ministry of Science, Technology Department, Technology Bureau so many levels, error-prone. And Science and Technology Department is the executive branch, not the research department, and they are to master the issuance of project funding and unreasonable.
Tuesday, December 30, 2014
Thursday, December 4, 2014
How to treat LED light pollution rational
At present, the international community in general LED display light pollution is divided into three categories, namely white light pollution, artificial daylight and light pollution. Recently, the industry has frequently broke the LED light pollution problem, it was suggested that the high brightness and glare of flashing LED modular design advertising affect traffic safety risk.
And a research project on led high bay light price also showed higher melatonin levels inhibit melatonin may affect human health. Three months to mature vegetables, the use of LED light, even a 65% reduction in growth time, after eating or have an impact on the human body and may even harm.
It is understood that, in Europe, America and Japan, the problem of light pollution has long been a cause for concern. The United States also established the International Association for the dark night sky, specifically to fight light pollution. So in China, the government spent heavily situation still exists with the emergence of a variety of lighting whitewash Night, users expressed dissatisfaction on "one side is a high-profile advocate of energy-saving and environmental protection cause, the implementation of power cuts to reach the people and SMEs save energy and reduce row index, one side is bustling neon lights luxury whitewash, who spent the money did not say, except for Why, none other than the case also allowed to do anything. "
"Walk away, trying to use lights to illuminate the sky is the violent type of urban lighting." Some netizens said that the lamp is used as a man, not used to illuminate the sky. Only led street light wholesale, but also generate nuisance. While developing light industry, light pollution should also be concerned about the community and lighting workers, especially in the current investment frenzy in the LED industry, because there are many cases blind production, the light pollution problem caused by poorly designed product should get attention.
Thus, at the same time develop the lighting industry, light pollution should also be concerned about the community and lighting workers, especially in the current investment frenzy in the LED industry, because there are many cases blind production, design products that bring unreasonable light pollution problems should be taken seriously.
And a research project on led high bay light price also showed higher melatonin levels inhibit melatonin may affect human health. Three months to mature vegetables, the use of LED light, even a 65% reduction in growth time, after eating or have an impact on the human body and may even harm.
It is understood that, in Europe, America and Japan, the problem of light pollution has long been a cause for concern. The United States also established the International Association for the dark night sky, specifically to fight light pollution. So in China, the government spent heavily situation still exists with the emergence of a variety of lighting whitewash Night, users expressed dissatisfaction on "one side is a high-profile advocate of energy-saving and environmental protection cause, the implementation of power cuts to reach the people and SMEs save energy and reduce row index, one side is bustling neon lights luxury whitewash, who spent the money did not say, except for Why, none other than the case also allowed to do anything. "
"Walk away, trying to use lights to illuminate the sky is the violent type of urban lighting." Some netizens said that the lamp is used as a man, not used to illuminate the sky. Only led street light wholesale, but also generate nuisance. While developing light industry, light pollution should also be concerned about the community and lighting workers, especially in the current investment frenzy in the LED industry, because there are many cases blind production, the light pollution problem caused by poorly designed product should get attention.
Thus, at the same time develop the lighting industry, light pollution should also be concerned about the community and lighting workers, especially in the current investment frenzy in the LED industry, because there are many cases blind production, design products that bring unreasonable light pollution problems should be taken seriously.
On the LED lighting business cash flow three reasons
At the beginning of 2012, with respect to this year's LED market conditions, various prediction everyone situation. On comparisons with stubborn resistance in the major institutions and wishful thinking "in 2012, LED market will be in chaos after 2011 ushered in a new starting point," when little known in the industry Shida photoelectric boss actually "a race amazing, "have not had time," sober, "the staff in Chinese Lunar New Year is approaching lost scattered on the plant's playground pay talks home for the holiday, but the industry is in an uproar.
Data show that the number of led street lighting Manufacturer in China is growing at a geometric rate increase exaggeration, perhaps this just in stark contrast with the LED market. "The waves pushed forward waves before the waves beat on the beach," What a heroic scene.
According to the analysis, the most important reason leading to the collapse of Shenzhen Shida is cash flow. But in China over 4000 LED business, how many homes are in such a situation the LED industry had friends joked:? LED industry enterprises have closed down the risk of more and more, even if some companies the upcoming slow the pace is likely to stop in 2012! Cash flow, the company's orders is still there, indicating that the market is still relatively merciful, but so many manufacturers, who had to save this situation?
Cause cash flow problems are the following three points:
A domestic project funds difficult to recover
Finished applications in the field, mostly based on project-based domestic sales. Given LED Products Division fully mature, there will always be more or less about the issue, a direct result of the project money endlessly delayed.
In addition, also another strange. According to insiders, a market price of 4000 yuan of lights, in some projects in the price as high as 10,000 yuan or more, provided that it takes on a series of public relations hospitality, but 10,000 yuan temporarily difficult to fulfill, also take into account a lot of public relations in vain hospitality. Over time, many companies is really no way to play it, and Shida photoelectric is a typical representative.
Second, the market forecast is too optimistic lead inventories
To package and wafer manufacturers, for example. Chinese government's macro-control are often able to play a key role in the market, precisely because of this layer reason, the market is expected to be too optimistic. End-use markets expansion rate compared to the industrial development is clearly much slower pace, sales performance and extension indirect role in the field of packaging factory. Inventory increases come to go get a sale "price war", not sell out called "collapse."
Third, suppliers tight money
LED from international companies in the field of mergers and acquisitions to the mainland manufacturers have to seek listing, we can draw two conclusions: 1, to reduce investment risk; 2, raise sufficient funds.
Risks associated with the shortage of funds in the coexistence of the LED industry, the rate of return on the funds could not impressive, but the time value of money is also very important. Under the lure of high rates of return, industry links seemingly perfect, in fact, a very serious problem of interdependence. In the upstream manufacturers of long-term funds can not be withdrawn from circulation, the downstream manufacturers began to worry about the interests of becoming empty promises, and began tight money. This occurs in any part of the led street light wholesale industry, will lead the industry mentality nervous, so "the boss on foot" became popular in 2011 LED industry keywords.
In view of the above phenomenon, the industry believes, LED industry, SMEs will usher in a new high point of collapse in 2012! But the collapse of the risk is relatively small export-oriented enterprises. It is worth noting: In the LED industry, over the years, 5-7 May is the export season, infer, 8-10 month is the Chinese mainland LED enterprises are facing a high risk of collapse.
Data show that the number of led street lighting Manufacturer in China is growing at a geometric rate increase exaggeration, perhaps this just in stark contrast with the LED market. "The waves pushed forward waves before the waves beat on the beach," What a heroic scene.
According to the analysis, the most important reason leading to the collapse of Shenzhen Shida is cash flow. But in China over 4000 LED business, how many homes are in such a situation the LED industry had friends joked:? LED industry enterprises have closed down the risk of more and more, even if some companies the upcoming slow the pace is likely to stop in 2012! Cash flow, the company's orders is still there, indicating that the market is still relatively merciful, but so many manufacturers, who had to save this situation?
Cause cash flow problems are the following three points:
A domestic project funds difficult to recover
Finished applications in the field, mostly based on project-based domestic sales. Given LED Products Division fully mature, there will always be more or less about the issue, a direct result of the project money endlessly delayed.
In addition, also another strange. According to insiders, a market price of 4000 yuan of lights, in some projects in the price as high as 10,000 yuan or more, provided that it takes on a series of public relations hospitality, but 10,000 yuan temporarily difficult to fulfill, also take into account a lot of public relations in vain hospitality. Over time, many companies is really no way to play it, and Shida photoelectric is a typical representative.
Second, the market forecast is too optimistic lead inventories
To package and wafer manufacturers, for example. Chinese government's macro-control are often able to play a key role in the market, precisely because of this layer reason, the market is expected to be too optimistic. End-use markets expansion rate compared to the industrial development is clearly much slower pace, sales performance and extension indirect role in the field of packaging factory. Inventory increases come to go get a sale "price war", not sell out called "collapse."
Third, suppliers tight money
LED from international companies in the field of mergers and acquisitions to the mainland manufacturers have to seek listing, we can draw two conclusions: 1, to reduce investment risk; 2, raise sufficient funds.
Risks associated with the shortage of funds in the coexistence of the LED industry, the rate of return on the funds could not impressive, but the time value of money is also very important. Under the lure of high rates of return, industry links seemingly perfect, in fact, a very serious problem of interdependence. In the upstream manufacturers of long-term funds can not be withdrawn from circulation, the downstream manufacturers began to worry about the interests of becoming empty promises, and began tight money. This occurs in any part of the led street light wholesale industry, will lead the industry mentality nervous, so "the boss on foot" became popular in 2011 LED industry keywords.
In view of the above phenomenon, the industry believes, LED industry, SMEs will usher in a new high point of collapse in 2012! But the collapse of the risk is relatively small export-oriented enterprises. It is worth noting: In the LED industry, over the years, 5-7 May is the export season, infer, 8-10 month is the Chinese mainland LED enterprises are facing a high risk of collapse.
analysis of LED lighting industry chaos and channel construction progress
Stir from concept to practical application, LED lighting industry has not only become the highest attention to the plate, but also become the capital market, the most popular products. However, for consumers, LED and the distance between them is still very far away. One of the key reasons for this problem is to channel construction LED business also needs improvement. led high bay light supplier time is not long, has been favored by the majority of manufacturers, but the channel construction is far not keep product development and production. What channel construction Nanzaihechu how to crack LED channel construction business problems? -
LED lighting industry a "blowout"
2008 was a watershed in the development of China's LED industry. This year, LED been widely applied to the Beijing Olympic venues construction, dreamlike visual feast is still very vivid in my mind. In recent years, the domestic LED industry ushered in the spring. Under the impact of the global financial crisis, businesses are more or less affected. However, LED lighting industry is not only not affected, but in the strong pull of the National 4 trillion yuan of investment showing skyrocketed. According to the relevant departments to preliminary estimates, in 2010, China's LED lighting industry output value has exceeded 150 billion yuan, more than doubled compared to 2008. LED lighting industry is growing so quickly, mainly due to the following three factors: First, the market demand-driven rapid technological progress, a substantial decline in production costs, LED lighting applications market is very huge business opportunities. In 2009 the world are in the promotion of LED lighting, LED lighting has received the full application and promotion areas with lighting and street lighting, corridor lighting in the car. In attracting and motivating the market, LED pace of technological progress continues to accelerate, the product price increased year by year, the production cost is 30% of the annual rate of decline, which greatly reduces the LED lighting to replace traditional lighting cycle.
Secondly, the global industry to accelerate the shift to emerging countries and regions. With the continuous development of the LED market, LED rapid increase in the number of enterprises, increasing competitive pressure. In order to enhance their competitiveness, the global LED industry, the emergence of new trends in the transfer. In the high-end chain in Japan, China Taiwan region the United States, Europe, and the downstream industry chain, and South Korea, the relevant industry chain will gradually shift to the mainland China and Malaysia, which is the development of LED industry in China offers new opportunities. Most noteworthy is that the country's continuing support for the LED industry has become the largest power LED lighting industry. Back in 2003, the "National Semiconductor Lighting Project" Coordination Leading Group was established, marking the official launch of National Semiconductor Lighting Project. March 22, 2004, established the National Semiconductor Lighting Coordination Leading Group. In 2009, China has expanded the "Ten thousand ten cities" program to promote LED street lighting demonstration. At the same time in 2009 introduced the "electronic information industry restructuring and revitalization plan", the semiconductor lighting in a relatively high position. To further promote green lighting project to promote China's LED lighting energy industry healthy and orderly development, in November 2010, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Housing and Urban Construction, Ministry of Transport jointly organized semiconductor (LED) lighting demonstration project tender Zhejiang sunshine, the history of Ford lighting and NVC and other 28 companies short-listed. Promote these three factors are important, but the LED lighting industry to achieve sustained and rapid development, companies must make a big issue in the channel.
Channel construction progress is slow
LED industry in the slow speed of the sound development of China's LED business opportunities and channel construction in stark contrast. Currently, the professional management of LED lighting manufacturing companies have thousands, but in the end of the market, specializing in LED products operating businesses are few, most dealers also just put LED products as a "supporting role" to deal with.
Asked him what so clear, as there is water flowing. How to improve the degree of channel development, and manufacturing companies to control the level of product quality is closely related.
It is particularly worth mentioning is that the instability and lack of product quality after-sales service, so that the individual channels have relatively complete construction business playing with toys. As early as 2003 years ago, the channel construction of some LED lighting business has achieved initial success, but because of the quality of products is not stable enough, coupled with inadequate service, manufacturers and traders often thus creating friction until broke up. Just as energy-saving lamps into the rural markets, the first to enter the rural market because of energy-saving lighting products of poor quality, change frequently, therefore, in a very long period of time left to consumers' energy saving lamp does not save money, "psychological shadow, which makes energy-saving lamp enterprises later when to enter the rural market suffered terribly.
Channel status LED for construction companies, senior marketing planner Mr. He Si believes the root of the problem is that company's product positioning is not clear. On the one hand, large enterprises pursuit of large, whether it is outdoor lighting or indoor lighting, whether it is power or low power, as long as the LED is on; on the other hand, small business is "hungry", who can make money do. Product positioning is not clear, channel construction will not start. After all, different products, applications in different fields, dealers target companies choose different nature. It is understood that, at present, the vast majority of domestic LED enterprise product is only applicable in the outdoor lighting engineering and shops and, therefore, for them, the channel construction is not so urgent matter.
High-tech products are LED business channel construction of an indirect factor in the slow progress. Lighting product technology content is relatively low, generally clerk can speak clearly, and LED products, there is no certain technical skills, it is difficult to convince customers. Last year, I came across such a fresh case: A salesman Shenzhen, a cross bar LED business to a business according to business marketing piece LED light source, the exchange process, a series of technical problems that business owners and engineers proposed order the man's face sweat and sweat. Of course, there are many dealers in the industry knowledge of LED technology, this is certainly not as good as business owners and engineers, it will not make much of professional technical problem, but as a salesman, not in-depth understanding of their own products, to be successful it was extremely difficult to sell, even if they can put the dealer to Mongolia, and it was only a hammer for sale only.
According to industry vendors generally reflect the price is a key factor directly affects the rate of adoption of LED lighting products, and a lamp, even though the total cost of LED lamps (including acquisition costs + energy costs + maintenance costs + disposal costs) than incandescent and fluorescent low, but consumers still purchase cost of the selection criteria, and do not care about high quality or versatility.
In this channel is king of the times, no matter how difficult the channel construction, the cost is very high, companies have to take that step, otherwise, do bigger and stronger brands can only sit at home and slogan shouting numerous.
Traditional channels is difficult to carry LED
Although many companies still rely on LED shopkeeper survival mode, but for channel construction LED business, many business owners have their own ideas. Profits Fall lighting, general manager Guohua Guo believes that the automotive industry 4S shop mode [including sales (Sale), parts (Sparepart), Service (Service), feedback (Sur-vey)] is the future of led high bay light for sale companies can give it a try mode. It is particularly worth mentioning is that many companies in the current products and technologies is not particularly mature, there is no perfect after-sales service as a support, even though it will soon fall apart channel construction.
Traditional channel model to run LED products sure the game. Professor Qiu, future LED channel model should be combined air-ground form, that "branding model projects + + + effectiveness of program service experience," where branding combine online and offline to do, a lot of boilerplate Projects mainly through the on-line display, and service experience and effectiveness of programs must be realized through the line.
Different LED business, its channel Weapen not the same. LED light source such as a business, can be considered a good match with the traditional lighting of a strategic alliance, a borrowed boat, quick access through traditional channels to market terminals. For LED lamps for civilian enterprises, the traditional channel model is also not a bad idea.
LED lighting industry a "blowout"
2008 was a watershed in the development of China's LED industry. This year, LED been widely applied to the Beijing Olympic venues construction, dreamlike visual feast is still very vivid in my mind. In recent years, the domestic LED industry ushered in the spring. Under the impact of the global financial crisis, businesses are more or less affected. However, LED lighting industry is not only not affected, but in the strong pull of the National 4 trillion yuan of investment showing skyrocketed. According to the relevant departments to preliminary estimates, in 2010, China's LED lighting industry output value has exceeded 150 billion yuan, more than doubled compared to 2008. LED lighting industry is growing so quickly, mainly due to the following three factors: First, the market demand-driven rapid technological progress, a substantial decline in production costs, LED lighting applications market is very huge business opportunities. In 2009 the world are in the promotion of LED lighting, LED lighting has received the full application and promotion areas with lighting and street lighting, corridor lighting in the car. In attracting and motivating the market, LED pace of technological progress continues to accelerate, the product price increased year by year, the production cost is 30% of the annual rate of decline, which greatly reduces the LED lighting to replace traditional lighting cycle.
Secondly, the global industry to accelerate the shift to emerging countries and regions. With the continuous development of the LED market, LED rapid increase in the number of enterprises, increasing competitive pressure. In order to enhance their competitiveness, the global LED industry, the emergence of new trends in the transfer. In the high-end chain in Japan, China Taiwan region the United States, Europe, and the downstream industry chain, and South Korea, the relevant industry chain will gradually shift to the mainland China and Malaysia, which is the development of LED industry in China offers new opportunities. Most noteworthy is that the country's continuing support for the LED industry has become the largest power LED lighting industry. Back in 2003, the "National Semiconductor Lighting Project" Coordination Leading Group was established, marking the official launch of National Semiconductor Lighting Project. March 22, 2004, established the National Semiconductor Lighting Coordination Leading Group. In 2009, China has expanded the "Ten thousand ten cities" program to promote LED street lighting demonstration. At the same time in 2009 introduced the "electronic information industry restructuring and revitalization plan", the semiconductor lighting in a relatively high position. To further promote green lighting project to promote China's LED lighting energy industry healthy and orderly development, in November 2010, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Housing and Urban Construction, Ministry of Transport jointly organized semiconductor (LED) lighting demonstration project tender Zhejiang sunshine, the history of Ford lighting and NVC and other 28 companies short-listed. Promote these three factors are important, but the LED lighting industry to achieve sustained and rapid development, companies must make a big issue in the channel.
Channel construction progress is slow
LED industry in the slow speed of the sound development of China's LED business opportunities and channel construction in stark contrast. Currently, the professional management of LED lighting manufacturing companies have thousands, but in the end of the market, specializing in LED products operating businesses are few, most dealers also just put LED products as a "supporting role" to deal with.
Asked him what so clear, as there is water flowing. How to improve the degree of channel development, and manufacturing companies to control the level of product quality is closely related.
It is particularly worth mentioning is that the instability and lack of product quality after-sales service, so that the individual channels have relatively complete construction business playing with toys. As early as 2003 years ago, the channel construction of some LED lighting business has achieved initial success, but because of the quality of products is not stable enough, coupled with inadequate service, manufacturers and traders often thus creating friction until broke up. Just as energy-saving lamps into the rural markets, the first to enter the rural market because of energy-saving lighting products of poor quality, change frequently, therefore, in a very long period of time left to consumers' energy saving lamp does not save money, "psychological shadow, which makes energy-saving lamp enterprises later when to enter the rural market suffered terribly.
Channel status LED for construction companies, senior marketing planner Mr. He Si believes the root of the problem is that company's product positioning is not clear. On the one hand, large enterprises pursuit of large, whether it is outdoor lighting or indoor lighting, whether it is power or low power, as long as the LED is on; on the other hand, small business is "hungry", who can make money do. Product positioning is not clear, channel construction will not start. After all, different products, applications in different fields, dealers target companies choose different nature. It is understood that, at present, the vast majority of domestic LED enterprise product is only applicable in the outdoor lighting engineering and shops and, therefore, for them, the channel construction is not so urgent matter.
High-tech products are LED business channel construction of an indirect factor in the slow progress. Lighting product technology content is relatively low, generally clerk can speak clearly, and LED products, there is no certain technical skills, it is difficult to convince customers. Last year, I came across such a fresh case: A salesman Shenzhen, a cross bar LED business to a business according to business marketing piece LED light source, the exchange process, a series of technical problems that business owners and engineers proposed order the man's face sweat and sweat. Of course, there are many dealers in the industry knowledge of LED technology, this is certainly not as good as business owners and engineers, it will not make much of professional technical problem, but as a salesman, not in-depth understanding of their own products, to be successful it was extremely difficult to sell, even if they can put the dealer to Mongolia, and it was only a hammer for sale only.
According to industry vendors generally reflect the price is a key factor directly affects the rate of adoption of LED lighting products, and a lamp, even though the total cost of LED lamps (including acquisition costs + energy costs + maintenance costs + disposal costs) than incandescent and fluorescent low, but consumers still purchase cost of the selection criteria, and do not care about high quality or versatility.
In this channel is king of the times, no matter how difficult the channel construction, the cost is very high, companies have to take that step, otherwise, do bigger and stronger brands can only sit at home and slogan shouting numerous.
Traditional channels is difficult to carry LED
Although many companies still rely on LED shopkeeper survival mode, but for channel construction LED business, many business owners have their own ideas. Profits Fall lighting, general manager Guohua Guo believes that the automotive industry 4S shop mode [including sales (Sale), parts (Sparepart), Service (Service), feedback (Sur-vey)] is the future of led high bay light for sale companies can give it a try mode. It is particularly worth mentioning is that many companies in the current products and technologies is not particularly mature, there is no perfect after-sales service as a support, even though it will soon fall apart channel construction.
Traditional channel model to run LED products sure the game. Professor Qiu, future LED channel model should be combined air-ground form, that "branding model projects + + + effectiveness of program service experience," where branding combine online and offline to do, a lot of boilerplate Projects mainly through the on-line display, and service experience and effectiveness of programs must be realized through the line.
Different LED business, its channel Weapen not the same. LED light source such as a business, can be considered a good match with the traditional lighting of a strategic alliance, a borrowed boat, quick access through traditional channels to market terminals. For LED lamps for civilian enterprises, the traditional channel model is also not a bad idea.
How to identify the merits of full-color LED display
In simple terms, a full-color led street lighting Manufacturer is good or bad can mainly be identified from the following aspects:
1. surface flatness flatness LED display to within ± 1mm, in order to ensure the displayed image is not distorted, partial raised or recessed will lead to the display viewing angle appears dead. Flatness is mainly determined by the quality of the production process.
2. brightness and viewing angle brightness indoor full color to the 800cd / m2 or more, outdoor full color brightness to the 1500cd / m2 or more, in order to ensure the normal operation of the display, otherwise it will be too low and can not see because of the brightness of the image display. Size of the brightness by the LED die is good or bad decisions.
How much screen size of the audience directly depends on the viewing angle, and therefore the bigger the better. Mainly by the size of the viewing angle of the die packages to decide.
3. The balance effect balance effect is one of the most important indicators of the display. Red, green and blue color science fooled ratio of 1: 4.6: 0.16 out of pure white will show, if the actual proportion of the white balance a little deviation deviation occurs, usually pay attention to whether there are bluish white, yellow green phenomenon. White balance is good or bad is determined by the display control system, the die for the reduction of color is also affected.
4. The reduction of color refers to the color of reducing color display for color reduction, both display a high degree of consistency with the source of the color, so as to ensure that the image realism.
5. whether the mosaic, Mosaic is dead phenomenon refers to appear on the display lit or normally four small black box, both modules necrosis, mainly due to the quality of its display connectors used, but off.
Always refer dead appear on the led street light wholesale or normally black single point, how good or bad from the die to determine the dead point.
6. color color refers to the presence or absence obvious color difference between adjacent modules, the transition to color module as a unit, the color phenomenon is mainly caused by poor control systems, the gray level is not high, scanning lower frequency caused.
1. surface flatness flatness LED display to within ± 1mm, in order to ensure the displayed image is not distorted, partial raised or recessed will lead to the display viewing angle appears dead. Flatness is mainly determined by the quality of the production process.
2. brightness and viewing angle brightness indoor full color to the 800cd / m2 or more, outdoor full color brightness to the 1500cd / m2 or more, in order to ensure the normal operation of the display, otherwise it will be too low and can not see because of the brightness of the image display. Size of the brightness by the LED die is good or bad decisions.
How much screen size of the audience directly depends on the viewing angle, and therefore the bigger the better. Mainly by the size of the viewing angle of the die packages to decide.
3. The balance effect balance effect is one of the most important indicators of the display. Red, green and blue color science fooled ratio of 1: 4.6: 0.16 out of pure white will show, if the actual proportion of the white balance a little deviation deviation occurs, usually pay attention to whether there are bluish white, yellow green phenomenon. White balance is good or bad is determined by the display control system, the die for the reduction of color is also affected.
4. The reduction of color refers to the color of reducing color display for color reduction, both display a high degree of consistency with the source of the color, so as to ensure that the image realism.
5. whether the mosaic, Mosaic is dead phenomenon refers to appear on the display lit or normally four small black box, both modules necrosis, mainly due to the quality of its display connectors used, but off.
Always refer dead appear on the led street light wholesale or normally black single point, how good or bad from the die to determine the dead point.
6. color color refers to the presence or absence obvious color difference between adjacent modules, the transition to color module as a unit, the color phenomenon is mainly caused by poor control systems, the gray level is not high, scanning lower frequency caused.
comparison of different lighting technology product life cycle energy consumption
Compared with a variety of traditional lighting technologies, LED lighting has better potential for energy savings and improve lighting quality. However, to accurately assess the effect of a lighting technology in energy conservation and environmental protection, the need for the product from manufacturing to disposal of the entire life cycle of resource consumption and energy efficiency to evaluate the whole process. Recently, the US Department of Energy study based on existing information on lighting product life cycle, it is incandescent, energy saving lamps (CFL), LED lamps from the production, transportation to the final part of the total energy use of a comparative study, and released a program called "incandescent, CFL and led high bay light fixture wholesale in the whole life cycle of energy consumption comparative study," the study report.
Comparison of the three stages of the assessment process
1. Based on the existing life cycle assessment (LCA) LED lamps on the basis of documents and other types of lighting energy consumption in comparison;
2.LED Life Cycle including production, transportation, use and disposal process, directly or indirectly, into the processing material inputs and processes;
3. A variety of lighting research all aspects buy, disassembly and chemical testing to detect whether there is a potential accumulation of dangerous substances and dangerous substances exceeded emission standards.
Upstream and downstream energy consumption of energy-saving potential imbalance has led some institutions began to adopt life-cycle analysis to quantify the impact of energy consumption LED lighting products in its life cycle. The objective of the report is based on previous studies to assess LED lamps and other types of lighting energy consumption differences. The report analyzes several existing life cycle assessment studies, including academic publications, including the production of reports and independent research report. The report analyzes answer the following three questions:
1.LED lighting at every stage of its life cycle (production, transportation, etc.) Energy consumption is the number?
2.LED lighting energy consumption within the life cycle and how to distinguish it from incandescent CFL?
3.LED lighting products in the life cycle energy consumption trends which will emerge in the future?
The report is the first start of a US Department of larger research project to study the different lighting technology production, distribution and use of the whole process of resource and environmental depletion. Most studies report used data from the energy consumption of the whole process both studies. In order for the whole process a variety of lighting energy consumption of the product life cycle comprehensive comparative study, public research materials cited in the report as many as 10 kinds.
Incandescent, energy saving lamps, LED lights representing the different lighting techniques, based on these technologies to produce the products have their performance characteristics. As mentioned earlier, have been cited in the report issued 10 kinds of life cycle analysis is to study a number of different sizes, different types of lamps. Therefore, when evaluating the energy consumption of each lamp, incandescent and based on the current performance characteristics of the CFL is to analyze the existing literature on the product. For LED lamps, in order to make the analysis feasible, taking into account the current analysis of the product of the future, the performance characteristics of LED products is based on US Department of Energy released the "2011 years of DOE semiconductor lighting plan."
Because each lamp lumen output and life are not the same, in order to ensure the consistency of the product life cycle energy analysis, the study chose something called 20 million lumens - hour functional units. This functional unit represents a 60W LED lighting service lamps service life has to offer. Because when life than incandescent and CFL LED lamp life is much shorter, single incandescent or CFL lighting services than the functional units provide long-much less. Therefore, the need to use more than just lighting lighting effects to achieve the same amount, so the whole process life cycle energy consumption estimates will alone lighting energy consumption by multiplying the number of lights.
Estimates at different stages of lighting energy consumption
Production stage of energy consumption, including access to the main raw materials, processing of raw materials, production, processing and assembly areas. About incandescent, CFL, LED lamp production phase energy consumption, based entirely on the existing LCA studies. These data include the direct production phase estimate energy consumption, as well as energy consumption data due to the carbon dioxide emissions resulting from energy consumption, further comprising a lighting device produced by splitting (including inventory consumed).
Transport stage is the packaging of the product refers to the transport process from the manufacturing floor to the retail end. Transportation of raw materials and other production processes before it can be considered and included in the production phase. Relatively few studies on the impact of energy consumption of the product during transport to and existing research on energy consumption estimates of little help. Thus, the report stage of transport energy consumption is an independent analytical study. To calculate the transport links in the energy consumption for each lighting technology products are required to take into account the source of origin. Therefore, the study, such as the length of the transport distance, type of transport and load factors into account, for each functional unit during transport energy consumption study was calculated.
Use phase energy consumption estimates are based on different lighting products rated power, lumen output value and other data to carry out. But when assessing medium screw lamp product use phase energy consumption, consider the need to focus on the "2007 Energy Independence and Security Act." The Act provides for a common incandescent medium screw the highest power, the expiration date of the provision is 2012-2014. Incandescent halogen-free products, such as incandescent mentioned in the report 60W, and is unlikely to meet the requirements of the energy conservation. So "2009 Energy Independence and Security Act" is expected to lead the market to a more energy-efficient products make the transformation photograph, such as standard halogen, CFL and LED lamps. Although halogen likely plays an increasingly important role in the future of the market, but due to the lack of production and processing of energy data, so this type of product life-cycle energy consumption of the whole process is not included in this research report to them. However, the report uses a halogen lamp in the use phase energy consumption data to be compared with other lighting products.
Figure 1 shows the led high bay light price production, transportation to the process of using the average of the total energy consumption has been flat and energy-saving lamps, about 20 million lumens per hour consumption is 3900 megajoules (MJ). The energy consumption is only 1/4 of incandescent, incandescent energy consumption for each functional unit 15100MJ. However, if the 2015 energy consumption levels, LED lamps can achieve the desired goal, then its life cycle total energy consumption will be only 1/2 of the current level. In addition, all three types of lighting products which, using the link is part of the largest energy consumption, accounting for 90% of the average energy consumption of the entire life cycle. Next are the production processes and transport links. Transport links throughout the life cycle energy consumption in the proportion of energy consumption is less than 1%. The proportion of energy consumption of production processes is the most uncertain, the proportion of different products in the energy sectors of 0.1% to 27%, the average is 7 percent....
Comparison of the three stages of the assessment process
1. Based on the existing life cycle assessment (LCA) LED lamps on the basis of documents and other types of lighting energy consumption in comparison;
2.LED Life Cycle including production, transportation, use and disposal process, directly or indirectly, into the processing material inputs and processes;
3. A variety of lighting research all aspects buy, disassembly and chemical testing to detect whether there is a potential accumulation of dangerous substances and dangerous substances exceeded emission standards.
Upstream and downstream energy consumption of energy-saving potential imbalance has led some institutions began to adopt life-cycle analysis to quantify the impact of energy consumption LED lighting products in its life cycle. The objective of the report is based on previous studies to assess LED lamps and other types of lighting energy consumption differences. The report analyzes several existing life cycle assessment studies, including academic publications, including the production of reports and independent research report. The report analyzes answer the following three questions:
1.LED lighting at every stage of its life cycle (production, transportation, etc.) Energy consumption is the number?
2.LED lighting energy consumption within the life cycle and how to distinguish it from incandescent CFL?
3.LED lighting products in the life cycle energy consumption trends which will emerge in the future?
The report is the first start of a US Department of larger research project to study the different lighting technology production, distribution and use of the whole process of resource and environmental depletion. Most studies report used data from the energy consumption of the whole process both studies. In order for the whole process a variety of lighting energy consumption of the product life cycle comprehensive comparative study, public research materials cited in the report as many as 10 kinds.
Incandescent, energy saving lamps, LED lights representing the different lighting techniques, based on these technologies to produce the products have their performance characteristics. As mentioned earlier, have been cited in the report issued 10 kinds of life cycle analysis is to study a number of different sizes, different types of lamps. Therefore, when evaluating the energy consumption of each lamp, incandescent and based on the current performance characteristics of the CFL is to analyze the existing literature on the product. For LED lamps, in order to make the analysis feasible, taking into account the current analysis of the product of the future, the performance characteristics of LED products is based on US Department of Energy released the "2011 years of DOE semiconductor lighting plan."
Because each lamp lumen output and life are not the same, in order to ensure the consistency of the product life cycle energy analysis, the study chose something called 20 million lumens - hour functional units. This functional unit represents a 60W LED lighting service lamps service life has to offer. Because when life than incandescent and CFL LED lamp life is much shorter, single incandescent or CFL lighting services than the functional units provide long-much less. Therefore, the need to use more than just lighting lighting effects to achieve the same amount, so the whole process life cycle energy consumption estimates will alone lighting energy consumption by multiplying the number of lights.
Estimates at different stages of lighting energy consumption
Production stage of energy consumption, including access to the main raw materials, processing of raw materials, production, processing and assembly areas. About incandescent, CFL, LED lamp production phase energy consumption, based entirely on the existing LCA studies. These data include the direct production phase estimate energy consumption, as well as energy consumption data due to the carbon dioxide emissions resulting from energy consumption, further comprising a lighting device produced by splitting (including inventory consumed).
Transport stage is the packaging of the product refers to the transport process from the manufacturing floor to the retail end. Transportation of raw materials and other production processes before it can be considered and included in the production phase. Relatively few studies on the impact of energy consumption of the product during transport to and existing research on energy consumption estimates of little help. Thus, the report stage of transport energy consumption is an independent analytical study. To calculate the transport links in the energy consumption for each lighting technology products are required to take into account the source of origin. Therefore, the study, such as the length of the transport distance, type of transport and load factors into account, for each functional unit during transport energy consumption study was calculated.
Use phase energy consumption estimates are based on different lighting products rated power, lumen output value and other data to carry out. But when assessing medium screw lamp product use phase energy consumption, consider the need to focus on the "2007 Energy Independence and Security Act." The Act provides for a common incandescent medium screw the highest power, the expiration date of the provision is 2012-2014. Incandescent halogen-free products, such as incandescent mentioned in the report 60W, and is unlikely to meet the requirements of the energy conservation. So "2009 Energy Independence and Security Act" is expected to lead the market to a more energy-efficient products make the transformation photograph, such as standard halogen, CFL and LED lamps. Although halogen likely plays an increasingly important role in the future of the market, but due to the lack of production and processing of energy data, so this type of product life-cycle energy consumption of the whole process is not included in this research report to them. However, the report uses a halogen lamp in the use phase energy consumption data to be compared with other lighting products.
Figure 1 shows the led high bay light price production, transportation to the process of using the average of the total energy consumption has been flat and energy-saving lamps, about 20 million lumens per hour consumption is 3900 megajoules (MJ). The energy consumption is only 1/4 of incandescent, incandescent energy consumption for each functional unit 15100MJ. However, if the 2015 energy consumption levels, LED lamps can achieve the desired goal, then its life cycle total energy consumption will be only 1/2 of the current level. In addition, all three types of lighting products which, using the link is part of the largest energy consumption, accounting for 90% of the average energy consumption of the entire life cycle. Next are the production processes and transport links. Transport links throughout the life cycle energy consumption in the proportion of energy consumption is less than 1%. The proportion of energy consumption of production processes is the most uncertain, the proportion of different products in the energy sectors of 0.1% to 27%, the average is 7 percent....
The Calculation of LED driver circuit engineering
Power LED calculated from the known number of
Example: The rated output power of 10W power supply, rated forward current 20mA, 70mW power dissipation under the condition number of led high bay light for sale
can be configured according to the above formula (ie integer data obtained to take)?
1: For a constant drive mode:
LED number and the number of parallel branch known output from the power supply voltage is calculated each road series
(1) Calculate the number of each branch LED
(2) Calculate the number of parallel branch
Note: VLED value varies depending on light color, with a power supply when the drive LED, in order to control the current, usually requires a series resistor.
Example: a rated output voltage of DC 24V, 10W power supply, with a rated forward current 20mA, power dissipation is 70mW rated forward voltage of 1.8V LED can be configured to do the number (integer data obtained).?
You can slip with 10 groups, each way 14 LED series circuit consisting of a total of 140 LED.
2: For constant current drive mode
Known by the power supply output current and the current value of the LED count and calculate the number of each parallel branch road
The number of branches (1) parallel computing
(2) Calculate the number of branches in series LED:
Example: a rated output current of DC 0.35A, 10W rated power supply, drive power dissipation 70mW, forward current of 0.02A of the LED, can be how to configure?
Parallel count road:
(Integer fetch data obtained)
Each road series with number: Number
That can take 17 groups of 8 LED in series, a total of 136 LED.
Calculation of line losses and line pressure drop
Wire P = I R V = IR Wire
R wire = σ (Note: L length of wire; S for wire cross-sectional area; σ is the conductivity of the wire) can also check the electrical manual.
Example: led street lights price with a length of 10 meters (positive and negative wires 5 meters), 24AWG of copper wire, through current of 2A, the loss of power and line drop as much?
Electrician check the manual shows: R = 0.737W Wire
V wire = 2 × 0.737 = 1.474V
Wire P = 2 × 0.737 = 2.948W
As can be seen from the above calculations, the line current is large, pay attention to select the appropriate wire section, otherwise the line losses and line drop is quite large.
We only have to fully understand the basic characteristics of LED and LED power supply, in order to properly design and use of LED light sources.
Example: The rated output power of 10W power supply, rated forward current 20mA, 70mW power dissipation under the condition number of led high bay light for sale
can be configured according to the above formula (ie integer data obtained to take)?
1: For a constant drive mode:
LED number and the number of parallel branch known output from the power supply voltage is calculated each road series
(1) Calculate the number of each branch LED
(2) Calculate the number of parallel branch
Note: VLED value varies depending on light color, with a power supply when the drive LED, in order to control the current, usually requires a series resistor.
Example: a rated output voltage of DC 24V, 10W power supply, with a rated forward current 20mA, power dissipation is 70mW rated forward voltage of 1.8V LED can be configured to do the number (integer data obtained).?
You can slip with 10 groups, each way 14 LED series circuit consisting of a total of 140 LED.
2: For constant current drive mode
Known by the power supply output current and the current value of the LED count and calculate the number of each parallel branch road
The number of branches (1) parallel computing
(2) Calculate the number of branches in series LED:
Example: a rated output current of DC 0.35A, 10W rated power supply, drive power dissipation 70mW, forward current of 0.02A of the LED, can be how to configure?
Parallel count road:
(Integer fetch data obtained)
Each road series with number: Number
That can take 17 groups of 8 LED in series, a total of 136 LED.
Calculation of line losses and line pressure drop
Wire P = I R V = IR Wire
R wire = σ (Note: L length of wire; S for wire cross-sectional area; σ is the conductivity of the wire) can also check the electrical manual.
Example: led street lights price with a length of 10 meters (positive and negative wires 5 meters), 24AWG of copper wire, through current of 2A, the loss of power and line drop as much?
Electrician check the manual shows: R = 0.737W Wire
V wire = 2 × 0.737 = 1.474V
Wire P = 2 × 0.737 = 2.948W
As can be seen from the above calculations, the line current is large, pay attention to select the appropriate wire section, otherwise the line losses and line drop is quite large.
We only have to fully understand the basic characteristics of LED and LED power supply, in order to properly design and use of LED light sources.
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